Author Archives: Delores

Crape Myrtle Bark Scale

Crape Myrtle Bark ScaleBy Kathy Torres

A problem that is becoming more prevalent in South Carolina, affecting one of the most popular ornamental trees grown in our region, is Crape Myrtle Bark Scale (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae).  Scale is an insect, however the infestation results in sooty mold, which is a disease.  This combination can drastically affect the appearance and health of the tree.  CMBS was initially sighted in 2004 in McKinney, Texas (known for an abundance of Crape Myrtles), making its way across Texas and Louisiana by 2013, and eventually throughout the Southeast, the first case arriving in South Carolina in 2019.   It is treatable and typically won’t kill the tree but can affect blooming and the appearance of the trunks and branches of this beautiful species.   

A little science on how it all starts (from Clemson’s Home and Garden Fact Sheet)… “The small CMBS males are winged and will fly to find females and to mate. Once the mated females produce their ovisacs (egg-containing capsules) and lay eggs, they die. The eggs remain protected within the white colored ovisacs until the crawlers (immatures) hatch and disperse onto the branches. Each female lays about 60 to 250 eggs, which may over-winter within their ovisacs, and then hatch during mid- to late April to May. The crawlers are pink, very small, and may not be noticed without a hand lens. A second peak in crawler activity occurs in late summer. These mobile crawlers move out to new twigs and branches to settle down and begin feeding on the sugary phloem layer beneath the bark.”  As the insects feed, they excrete a sweet, sticky substance known as honeydew.  A black, sooty mold forms over the honeydew on stems, and trunks, (rarely on leaves), followed by white or gray specks.  Aphids and Mealy Bugs can also create similar white specks, so it’s a good idea to take a picture and seek assistance to correctly identify the problem. 

If this scale is identified, it is important to treat as soon as possible.  The sooty mold can be washed off by using warm soapy water in a sprayer.   In winter when temperatures remain cool, apply an oil-based insecticide, such as Neem Oil or Horticulture Oil, if you find evidence of CMBS.  This will smother many of the crawlers and adults.  Unfortunately, it is unlikely that the oil will kill them all, so be prepared in late March or early May, to treat with a systemic insecticide (treats the plant through the root system).  Wingard’s recommends Fertilome Tree & Shrub Drench, which offers 12-month control.   Preventive treatment is typically not necessary after application of the systemic insecticide, however the dead insects may remain on the tree.  Be sure to monitor other Crape Myrtle trees in the landscape, due to the invasive nature of CMBS. 

To improve the appearance of the infested tree and to minimize the treatment area, you may want to remove some affected limbs.  To avoid the spread of CMBS, do not put limbs in a compost pile or out on the curb for pick up, or even in an open truck.  Best practice is to double-bag and dispose of them along with your regular trash. 

For help identifying CMBS, contact Wingard’s or the Clemson Extension Service, 605 W. Main Street, Suite 109, Lexington, (803) 359-8515.   Rather than bringing a cutting into the garden center, please bring us a picture (close-up view) and we will be glad to provide assistance.

Don’t let the fear of CMBS deter you from planting one or more of the many beautiful varieties of Crape Myrtle.  Making a perfect anchor plant for the home or a focal point in a flower bed, this addition to the landscape will provide beautiful color in the summer and many varieties have great fall foliage color.  Just keep an eye on them and nip CMBS in the bud before it becomes a problem. 

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

Extend the Fresh Produce Season with a Fall Vegetable Garden

FallVegetables
By Kathy Torres

If you have ever enjoyed a BLT with fresh tomatoes from your garden, you probably agree, it is good beyond words!  Although you can still buy vine ripe tomatoes in the grocery store throughout the year, it’s just not the same.  Unfortunately, it’s getting a little late for tomato plants, however there are other vegetable plants that can be started now that will give you fresh vegetables throughout fall and maybe even winter. Though cool-season crops continue to grow well past the earliest freeze in the fall, they should be started early enough to mature before hard freezes are expected. Some vegetables, like collards and parsnips, are known to have better flavor if grown in cooler weather.  December 21st is the first day of Winter 2024, so you have plenty of time to get started if you get busy now. If you are interested in planting seeds, see the Clemson Home & Garden Fact Sheet (Click HERE) for guidelines on when to plant along with estimated days until harvest.

According to the Farmer’s Almanac, beets, cauliflower, celery, green onions, potatoes, Bibb and lettuce, mustard greens, parsnips, radishes, spinach and Swiss chard can survive light frosts in the 30-32° range and are considered “frost tolerant.”   “Frost hardy” vegetables that can survive temperatures as low as 20°, include cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, carrots, kale, leeks, rutabagas and turnips.  Because our Midlands temperatures are typically quite mild, your chances are good for a successful cool season garden.  It is important to keep an eye on the forecast, however, so you can cover plants that need protection, just in the event of a hard freeze, especially if it is expected to last several days.  Not likely, but it has happened!

The Almanac also provides the following guidelines for when to plant.  FYI… Predicted first frost for the Columbia area is November 1, but it could be much later than that:

  • 10-12 weeks before first frost:  broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, carrots, celery.
  • 8-10 weeks before first frost: arugula, Chinese cabbage, collards, kale, lettuce, mustard greens, spinach, Swiss chard, turnips
  • 6-8 weeks before first frost: beets, radishes

Like your spring garden, there are certain requirements for a cool weather vegetable garden:

  • If you’re planting in the ground, test the soil through Clemson Extension Service (application available at Wingard’s). If you’re reading this on September 1, you don’t have time to wait for soil test results, so consider a raised bed garden to make sure of the best possible soil.  Fill the bed with Daddy Pete’s Raised Bed Mix.
  • Plant in a location that receives a minimum of six hours of sun per day.
  • If you’re planting in an area which contained your spring garden, add compost to enrich the existing soil.
  • You won’t have to water as much in cooler weather, but it’s still necessary to have a nearby water source. Don’t let soil get too dry. 
  • Have a beach umbrella ready, so if we have 90+ degree days you can shade your young seedling from the brutal summer sun.
  • Fertilize with ferti-lome Gardener’s Special, according to directions on the back of the bag.

Try your luck with growing herbs in fall and winter.  Because the ground does not freeze, they will do ok, however, you’ll need to cover them during a frost or freeze.  Note: be sure to uncover during the day when the temperature rises.  Rosemary is the exception to the rule…it can survive year ‘round here. 

It’s also time for chrysanthemums, pansies and snapdragons.  Think about making your fall vegetable garden more attractive by adding a few fall annuals for color. 

Usually, pests and disease are minimal during cooler weather, but be on the lookout and treat as necessary if you encounter a problem.   A good product to use on Fall gardens to combat, insects, mites and fungus is ferti-lome Triple Action. It is not recommended in the summer because it is oil-based and can burn plants when the temperature is above 85 degrees.

Cool weather vegetable plants are arriving weekly at Wingard’s, so come in and make your selection. If you have any questions, talk with a helpful Wingard’s greenhouse staff member.  For additional information on fall vegetable gardening see this Clemson Home & Garden Fact Sheet, as well as other noted Fact Sheet links for specific vegetables HERE.

In summer, a BLT hits the spot.  In fall and winter, a salad made of fresh greens or a warm cup of broccoli and cheese soup creates equal satisfaction.  Enjoying your own, home-grown collards on New Year’s Day, well, that may just win the grand prize!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

Plan Your Rose Garden

White House Rose Garden
White House Rose Garden, “The Architects Newspaper” July 27, 2020

By Kathy Torres

The wheels are about to start spinning on Wingard’s 2025 SPRING SPECIALTY ROSE ORDER, and you might want to start thinking about which varieties you wish to purchase next year. Each year an order is placed in summer and the plants are shipped “bare root” in January/February. Wingard’s staff plant them (about 600 plants) in a special soil formula and by March, they are ready to be sold. By Mother’s Day, the Wingard’s Rose Garden is in full bloom! It’s a beautiful sight to behold and if you weren’t a rose lover, it’s likely you’ll become one after witnessing the gorgeous blooms and fresh, spring foliage. The inventory is quickly diminished after the plants begin to bloom, and only a handful of specimens are available after the spring/summer season.

Here is the list of roses that we have ordered:

DAVID AUSTIN ROSES WEEKS ROSES WEEKS ROSES cont’d WEEKS ROSES
Carding Mill Above All Fragrant Cloud Marilyn Monroe
Darcey Bussell All Dressed Up Fragrant Plum Midas Touch
Desdemona All My Loving Fun in the Sun Neil Diamond
Eustacia Vye Arctic Blue Gold Medal New Dawn
Golden Celebration Barbra Streisand Golden Opportunity Oh My
Lady of Shalott Burst of Joy Good As Gold Olympiad
Lichfield Angel Celestial Night Hot Cocoa Painted Porcelain
Olivia Rose Austin Chicago Peace John F Kennedy Pope John Paul
Roald Dahl Chrysler Imperial Joseph’s Coat Pretty Lady
Strawberry Hill Dick Clark Julia Child Queen Elizabeth
Teasing Georgia Don Juan Just Joey Radiant Perfume
The Ainwick Rose Doris Day Ketchup & Mustard Rio Samba
The Lady of the Lake Double Delight Lady in Red Secret
The Poet’s Wife Ebb Tide Life of the Party St. Patrick
Wollerton Old Hall Edith’s Darling Love Sugar Moon
Love at First Sight Tropical Lightning

If there are certain varieties that you are interested in for next spring that are not included on the above list, contact Wingard’s to pre-order. It’s possible roses that are not on the list can be special ordered if available from suppliers. To make your request, send an email THIS MONTH to office@wingardsmarket.com or call 803.359.9091.

We call these “specialty roses” because they are particular types that have been meticulously hybridized and cultivated over the years and have specific characteristics making one very different from the other. Roses are wonderful landscape plants that are unmatched for the length of season in which they bloom and the amount of color they produce. With a variety of growth habits, sizes and fragrances, there is most likely a rose that is perfect for any sunny spot in the garden. There is a general attitude that growing roses is difficult; however, with proper planting, adequate light and correct watering practices, success can be achieved. There is nothing more rewarding than roses cut from the garden!

A basic understanding of classes of roses will help you appreciate their versatility and make selections that suit your vision for the landscape. Bloom type, growth habit, density and fragrance vary within the many groups of rose plants. Each category below pictures just a few of the varieties available.

Hybrid Teas – One of the most popular rose types, these are tall, long-stemmed roses, ideal for cutting. Flowers are usually borne one to a stem. The bush can grow 6 ft. tall with an upright habit.

Week's Rose: All My Loving Week's Rose: Chrysler Imperial Week's Rose: Fragrant Cloud Week's Rose: Midas Touch

Floribundas – Choose floribundas if you need fairly low-growing plants that produce great numbers of colorful flowers. These bushy shrubs have large, showy blooms, set in clusters on short stems. Height of Floribunda rose bushes range from 2-3 ft to 5-6 ft. tall.

Week's Rose: Doris Day Week's Rose: Ebb Tide Week's Rose: Ketchup & Mustard Week's Rose: Oh My

Grandifloras – A grandiflora is a cross between a floribunda and a hybrid tea rose. They generally feature classic hybrid tea flowers in clusters with stems that are slightly shorter than those of hybrid teas. Grandiflora rose bushes can reach heights of 6-8 ft.

Week's Rose: Fragrant Plum Week's Rose: Queen Elizabeth Week's Rose: Dick Clark

Climbing – Climbing roses are a great addition to a fence or arbor. They produce very long canes (8-10 ft. long) that must be anchored to the supporting structure. Many varieties will produce flowers throughout the blooming season.

Week's Rose: Above All Week's Rose: Don Juan Week's Rose: Joseph's Coat Week's Rose: New Dawn

For additional details on the roses pictured above, as well as other varieties available, go to Weeks Roses.

David Austin – This collection of old English shrub and climbing roses has been bred in the United Kingdom since 1961. Known for fragrance and elegance in the garden, this line has grown in popularity and availability over recent years in the United States. Shrub varieties will grow 4 to 5 feet tall, while climbers may reach 8 to 10 feet tall. David Austin roses are known for abundant, rounded blooms.

Week's Rose: Carding Mill Week's Rose: Darcey Bussell Week's Rose: Desdemona Week's Rose: Eustacia Vye

For additional details on these and other David Austin roses, click HERE

Shrub Roses – While not considered “specialty” roses, Knock-Out and Drift roses are very popular and known to be low maintenance. Knock-Out roses are profuse bloomers with large (4-5 ft. tall) and petite (2-3 ft. tall) varieties, while Drift roses are compact and small (2-3 ft. tall) repeat bloomers. Both have a dense, shrub-like growth habit and are great for borders or in groupings. These are available throughout the growing season. Check out these websites for more information on Knock-Out and Drift Roses… www.knockoutroses.com and www.driftroses.com.

Now that you have seen a few of the 2025 rose varieties that will soon be on order, you should understand how to plant and take care of roses, if you have never planted them.

A Bit of Rose Terminology – Roses consist of roots that take up water and nutrients, and canes (stems) that grow from the crown of the plant (where the canes end and the roots begin). The branching canes grow from the bud eyes that sprout at intervals along the primary canes. The leaves are usually produced in five-leaf leaflets.

Choosing a Planting Site – Select a spot that receives a minimum of 5-6 hours of direct sun each day. Check for drainage by digging a hole and filling it with water. The hole should empty within several hours. Improve drainage with tilling or making raised beds. Don’t plant near large trees or shrubs; they will compete for light, water and nutrients. Don’t plant under eaves or gutters to avoid damage from falling water, snow or ice.

Planting a Container Grown Rose – Dig a hole 2 times the size of the nursery pot. Amend soil as needed by adding organic matter to sandy soil or by adding soil conditioner to clay soil. Carefully loosen the soil around the root ball. Place the root ball in the hole, so that the top of the root ball is about 1 inch above ground level (to allow for settling). Work the amended soil around the roots to eliminate any air pockets. Water thoroughly and add mulch to help retain moisture. When planting more than one, space 2-3 feet apart (or more depending on the mature width of the plant).

Watering – Consistent watering and proper drainage are vital for roses to flourish. Roses should be watered deeply (1-2 inches per week). This will encourage strong root growth. Even in winter, occasional watering during dry periods will help them perform better during the next growing season. Avoid wetting the foliage to help prevent disease. Water more frequently in sandy soil, less frequently in clay soil.

Fertilizing – In general, roses need frequent applications of fertilizer to keep them growing vigorously and blooming repeatedly. Soil pH is extremely important. Roses prefer a slightly acidic soil with a pH in the range of 5.6 to 7.2. Start fertilizing established plants in early spring before growth begins and repeat every 4-6 weeks during the growing season. Be sure to follow application directions.

Common Pests & Diseases:

  • Black Spot – Fungus caused by excessive moisture, poor drainage.
  • Thrips & Aphids – Insects that feed on buds and flower petals causing browning and deformed buds.
  • Japanese Beetles – The adult stage of grubs, these insects can destroy foliage and blooms overnight. Thankfully, their stay in the garden is temporary, usually in June.

Preventive measures can be taken to avoid or minimize these problems. Pick up prunings and apply fresh mulch to prevent Black Spot. Use Neem Oil Spray in the winter to smother insect eggs and to kill disease spores; apply Ferti-lome 2-in-1 Systemic Disease & Insect Control during the growing season. Many chemical, as well as organic treatments are available if the problems persist. While chemical products are highly effective, they will eliminate both the bad and the good insects. Always spray/apply in late evening to avoid killing bees and pay attention to temperature requirements during extreme heat.

To learn about pruning roses, see our existing Wingard’s Blog HERE.

In my opinion, a rose is the perfect flower. Not only is it complex and beautiful, it can also speak to us. It conveys love and affection, as well as sympathy. It is a centerpiece for a celebration or special occasion. It expresses thanks and appreciation. I think everyone should have at least one rose bush planted in a special place in the yard. And if you really get inspired by that one, plant a whole rose garden! Think about it and make your plans for spring 2025. Contact Wingard’s and pre-order now!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

IT’S TIME! SOUTH CAROLINA PEACHES ARE HERE!

SC Peaches

By Kathy Torres

We had the perfect spring this year and that will soon be reflected in the plentiful South Carolina peach crop.  No late freezes came along (like last year) to destroy tender growth on peach trees and the prospect of their delightful, delicious fruit.  According to Sarah Scott, who covers commercial fruit and vegetable crops for Clemson University’s  Cooperative Extension Program, “We’ve got a great, full crop, so there should be plenty of peaches available for anyone who wants to get some really good South Carolina peaches.”  Great news after two freezes in March of 2023 left the state with about 25% of its typical crop.  Wingard’s Produce Market and local roadside stands already have early peaches for customers to purchase.  It’s time for peach ice cream, peach cobbler, The Peach Festival, or just an ordinary peach with no frills, to bring summer into full expectation and enjoyment!  There is not much better, my friends, than fresh South Carolina peaches.  They really are the BEST, don’t you think?

Our southern neighbors in Georgia, AKA The Peach State may disagree, but here are a few things to consider:

  1. According to the South Carolina Department of Agriculture statistics, the Palmetto State ships approximately 90,000 tons of South Carolina peaches a year from about 18,000 acres of peach orchards across the state, compared with Georgia’s 40,000 tons. Which state in the U.S. sells the most?  That would be California.
  2. Georgia is the first state to grow peaches commercially, thus, its title “The Peach State.”
  3. The College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences at Clemson University says that while Georgia may be called The Peach State, South Carolina should be known as “The Tastier Peach State.”
  4. In 1984, the SC Legislature adopted the peach as the official “State Fruit.”
  5. Peaches are native to China, so… neither SC or GA were first to grow them.

Spanish settlers were first to bring peaches to South Carolina in the 1500s, and as a result, many settlers in the 17th and 18th Centuries believed that peaches were native to South Carolina.  In the 1850s, South Carolina began to grow peaches commercially, finding it to be profitable in the produce market.  Their popularity blossomed as cotton farmers looked for new crops in the 1920s.

It is only fair to give Georgia credit for developing the infamous “Elberta” peach, one of the sweetest and most hardy varieties.  In 1870 Samuel H. Rumph, a Georgia farmer in Macon County, grafted a Chinese peach variety onto another tree and named the large, juicy, yellow-fleshed result after his wife, Elberta.  In the late 1800s, the sale of the Elberta peach actually helped fund the expansion of the Georgia Southern Railway.  Switching gears to the present, South Carolina grows more than 50 varieties of peaches, creating an industry that is a major contributor to SC’s economy.  To keep the industry growing, The Peach Team at Clemson University works on research and new technologies to protect peach crops.  For more on Clemson’s Peach Team, click HERE.

Peaches are either freestone or clingstone, referring to how easily the flesh separates from the pit (stone).  The clingstone varieties are the first available (late May, early June) followed by mid and late season (July, August) freestone peaches.  Clingstone peaches are usually smaller.  Unfortunately, it is impossible to tell the difference from the outside.  Freestone peaches are the largest and most popular.

Peaches are celebrated annually on July 4th at the Lexington County Peach Festival in Gilbert, SC.  Beginning with a parade in the morning, the activities include live entertainment, over 100 Art & Craft Exhibits, Antique Car Show, kid’s rides and many delightfully “peachy” food items.  This full day of fun and food ends in the evening with a Patriotic Fireworks Show.  The festival is hosted by the Gilbert Community Club and held at Gilbert Community Park.  For more information, click HERE.

Because this fruity treasure is (usually) abundant in our state, the easiest way to enjoy local peaches is to stop by a nearby Certified South Carolina (partnership with the SC Department of Agriculture) produce market and buy them.  However, if you prefer to grow your own, there are several varieties of peach trees available.  We typically recommend planting trees in the fall, but the inventory is full in spring, so you may have the best selection to choose from then.  As long as you water appropriately through the summer, you’ll be fine.  Fruit trees require some special attention because they are vulnerable to disease, so check out Wingard’s Fruit Tree Plan and get ahead of any problems.  Striking blooms are an added attraction of peach trees that you will enjoy, just keep your eyes on the spring weather forecast and protect the blooms and new growth when necessary.

Gaffney PeachoidIf you’re curious about this picture, and you’re not familiar, you are looking at the Peachoid.  Located on Interstate 85 in Gaffney, South Carolina, the Peachoid is a 135 ft. water tower that holds 1 million gallons of water.  The structure is hard to miss and symbolic of Gaffney, often referred to as “The Peach Capital of South Carolina.”  For a few more details on the largest peach in the world, click HERE.

My Dad grew up in Gaffney and my grandparents later moved to nearby Inman.  Being in the heart of many peach groves, I am fortunate to have memories of picking ripe peaches right off the trees.  Of course, the fuzz caused itchy hands and arms, but the reward was worth the sacrifice.  After picking, we washed, peeled and cut them and then my grandmother made the most delicious peach preserves. She canned them, so we were able to enjoy the yummy preserves for months after summer ended.  I also remember eating peaches with the skin still on and the juice dripping all over my chin.  Oh my, that was good!

If you’re from South Carolina, you should have a cherished family peach cobbler recipe in your collection.  If you don’t, here’s one of my Mom’s recipes that has been a favorite in my family for many years.  It’s so easy to make and there is NEVER a bite left in the dish.  It’s great with vanilla ice cream when the cobbler is still warm or delicious all by itself!

FRESH PEACH COBBLER

(Makes its own crust! – Feeds about 6-8 people)

Preheat Oven to 350°

Peel and slice fresh Peaches into small sections (about 2” x 2”) to make 3 Cups
Add ¾ to 1 Cup Sugar to Peaches, stir gently and let sit for about 30 minutes

In a bowl, combine: 1 Cup Sugar, 2 Tsp. Baking Powder, ¾ Cup Flour, ¾ Cup Whole Milk, Dash Salt
Melt ¾ Stick of Butter in a deep casserole dish
When Butter has melted, pour above Sugar/Flour mixture into the butter – DO NOT STIR!
Pour Peaches into center of melted butter – DO NOT STIR!
Bake 1 hour uncovered; When done, let it cool off a little before serving; Good warm or cold

Stop by Wingard’s Produce Market for the very BEST local peaches. Freestone varieties should be arriving around July 4th. If you’re interested in planting your own fruit tree(s), come on in and talk to a staff member about peach or other fruit tree varieties and what it takes to grow them.

Don’t take the Georgia/South Carolina rivalry too seriously. Whether it’s a Bulldog versus a Gamecock or a peach versus a peach, just enjoy the game or the cobbler. Happy Summer!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

Creating a Natural Privacy Screen


By Kathy Torres

You may have the best neighbors in the world, but when you are relaxing in your backyard by the pool, having an outdoor meal with your family, or just reading a book and watching the birds come and go from the feeder, it’s really nice to enjoy a little privacy. And maybe you don’t have great neighbors…. even more reason to create a way to ensure that privacy, or to put it in simple terms, a way to HIDE from them! HIDE being the critical word, there may also be a structure that is not exactly attractive, for example… a dog pen, storage shed or wood pile. Installation of screen plants can improve this situation as well. Fencing is an option, although it can be expensive and, if constructed of wood, will need to be painted or stained. You’ll likely want to plant shrubs to “soften” the look of the fence, so, why not just use screen plants instead to create a beautiful, natural separation between you and your neighbors or that unsightly structure. More esthetically pleasing, a natural screen will contribute to a more peaceful environment, requiring much less (if any) maintenance.

There are a few attributes of screen plants that are desirable:

  1. Evergreen: Typically, evergreen shrubs/trees make the most sense in creating a screen. Due to their year’ round foliage, it’s difficult to see through them. There is an alternative, if you have the space, to plant something deciduous (leaves fall) along with an evergreen shrub. One can provide the screen and the other can add interest or contrast.
  2. Medium to Fast-Growing: It seems that most garden center shoppers these days aren’t willing to wait years and years for shrubs and trees to mature, and are looking for fast-growing specimens. This is especially true for folks looking to create a screen. Some of the plants we recommend will grow about 3 feet a year, so if you are really in a hurry, plant fast-growing shrubs or trees. Regardless, it’s going to take a few years to establish them and to have the screening results you desire.
  3. Mature Height and Width of Plants: Determine what your height and width requirement is when choosing screening shrubs or trees. Don’t set yourself up for constant pruning by selecting plants that will grow to a larger size than anticipated. Pay careful attention to the MATURE HEIGHT AND WIDTH. Also recognize the fact that any plant can grow a little more or less tall and/or wide depending on how happy it is in the environment due to soil quality, sun, drainage, wind, etc.

While 8-10 ft. is an average height for most privacy screening, 12-18 ft. or even higher (30-40 ft.) is attainable with several varieties and may be appropriate depending on the landscape. In a subdivision with ¼ acre lots, it’s unlikely that 30-foot Carolina Sapphire can be installed along the property line, however, it would work beautifully on a larger lot on the lake or in a more rural area. Note: A trick to raise the elevation of your plant screen is to build up the soil or “berm” the planting area. In areas of dense clay, this will also improve the ability of plants to establish a good root system.

Spacing, in terms of width and depth of the area in which you are planting, may limit the plants you select to more narrow species. Some specimens can adapt to being planted closer together, but some may develop fungus if the foliage becomes too dense, prohibiting air flow and light. It may take longer for the space to fill in, but adhering to spacing recommendations may keep the plants healthier.

When considering a natural screen, it’s all about your vision for the area and the space you have available. Decide whether you prefer a continuous hedge of the same species, or a combination of different varieties. Keep in mind that a hedge can be natural or pruned. If you’re going for the “English Garden” look, feel free to prune to a box shape. Planting a combination of different specimens will create a more natural look and pruning should not be necessary, as long as plants do not crowd each other when full-grown. Again… It is critical to be aware of the mature height and width of every shrub or tree in your plan. Whether you choose a hedge or a combination of different plants, it’s simply a matter of preference.

Just so you know… Combination or mixed screens provide all the functional aspects necessary, but in addition provide biodiversity to the landscape resulting in benefits to plant health and longevity. You may be aware of the problems years ago that developed with the Red Tip or Fraser photinia and more recently, the Leyland cypress, both over-planted in hedges and natural screening. Over-planting, especially when planting a continuous line, creates an ideal environment for the spread of fungus from one plant to the next. Here are examples of mixed screen planting in case you’re just not convinced of their beauty and function. There may be a plant or two pictured that we don’t typically grow here, but something similar can be substituted. Also, keep in mind, that SOME repetition is ok in a mixed grouping to provide a bit of symmetry.

The amount of sun received in the area where you will be planting is ALWAYS an important factor in the plant selection process. Most all screen plants we recommend need at least 6 or more hours of full sun, and many of them will actually thrive in all day sun. There are not as many choices for shade, but several excellent specimens are available.

The following shrubs and trees are in stock at Wingard’s right now and are recommended for natural screening:

Evergreen Trees Mature Size
Little Gem Magnolia 20 ft H x 10 ft W
Loquat 25 ft H x 20 ft W
Green Giant Arborvitae/Thuja ~ 60 ft H x 18 ft W
De Groot Spire Arborvitae/Thuja 20 ft H x 5 ft W
Carolina Sapphire Cypress ~ 30 ft H x 20 ft W
European Fan Palm 15 ft H x 20 ft W
Tall Evergreen Trees Mature Size
Wavy Leaf Ligustrum ~* 8 ft H x 6 ft W
Cleyera (Standard) ~ 10 ft H x 6 ft W
Carolina Midnight Loropetalum 15 ft H x 10 ft W
Tea Olive ~ 10 ft H x 6 ft W
Podocarpus ‘Maki’* 10 ft H x 4 ft W
Sasanqua* 6 ft H x 5 ft W
Gardenia First Love 8 ft H x 6 ft W
Pittosporum Variegated 8 ft H x 8 ft W
Viburnum Coppertop 10 ft H x 6 ft W
Viburnum Odoratissimum 20 ft H x 20 ft W
Viburnum Chindo 12 ft H x 8 ft W
Viburnum Sandakwa 12 ft H x 10 ft W
Cleyera Big Foot ~ 20 ft H x 6 ft W
Cleyera Bronze Beauty 10 ft H x 6 ft W
Oakleaf Holly 15 ft H x 8 ft W
Needlepoint Holly 20 ft H x 20 ft W
Emerald Colonnade Holly 12 ft H x 8 ft W
Christmas Jewell Holly 10 ft H x 8 ft W
Nellie Stevens Holly ~ 12 ft H x 8 ft W
Oleander ~ 6-12 ft H x 8-10 ft W
Wax Myrtle* 10-20 ft H x 12-15 ft W
Evergreen Shrubs for Shade
(Filtered or morning sun only)
Mature Size
Yellow Anise 15 ft H x 10 ft W
Camellia Japonica 10 ft H x 5-6 ft W
Fatsia ~ 8 ft H x 8 ft W
Formosa Azalea ~ 8 ft H x 8 ft W
George Tabor Azalea ~ 8 ft H x 6 ft W

* Also good in shade    ~ Fast-growing

Making a home comfortable and private is, I believe, a goal most of us share. Our yard should be an extension of that desire, creating a place to be alone or to spend time with family, friends and don’t forget the 4-legged family members. Framing a home with foundation plants, annuals and perennials softens the “hardness” of the building, making it more appealing and beautiful. Natural screening is a great way to add separation and privacy in the same way. Consider visiting Wingard’s and ask our staff to discuss a plan for your landscape.

Of course, this writer would NEVER suggest that GOOD NEIGHBORS should not be appreciated! When you have them, often they become part of your “extended” family. So don’t completely hide from your (good) neighbors! Enjoy your private time but share the tomatoes you are growing in your garden or cut a few flowers from your Hydrangea this summer and be a good neighbor yourself. That goodness will come back to you!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

Creating a Mini Meadow

Creating a Mini Meadow

By Kathy Torres

The next time you walk into the Produce Market and Backyard Nature Center at Wingard’s Market, look to the right of the building and you will see a small area that has been planted with various perennials to create a lovely mini garden. We started building this garden about 10 years ago to serve as an example for customers interested in attracting hummingbirds, bees and butterflies. Black Eyed Susan, Cone Flower, Spiderwort, Bee Balm, Aster, and Coreopsis are among the plants living there. New growth is peeking up through the ground already, and this perennial garden will be alive with colorful blooms, nature’s “vacancy” sign to alert pollinators and wildlife that rooms are available in this garden resort. Because different perennial plants bloom at different times during the growing season, there will be a continuous color pallet present throughout spring and summer.

Another way to create a similar garden or “mini meadow” in your own landscape is made possible by a new product line available this spring at Wingard’s. We are proud to introduce Earth Science Growth Essentials, including seed, fertilizer, soil conditioner, and mulch, giving you everything you need and an EASY way to do it! Before we get into the types of seed combinations available, it’s important to note the value of having a mini meadow. The word “meadow” suggests a large field in a rural area with miles of wildflowers and grasses, however, it’s actually possible to create the same effect in a much smaller space, as little as 50 square feet, thus… a “mini meadow.” Perfect for a small space in your landscape, a square foot garden or even a window box, this type of planting brings a wide-open-spaces feel to a smaller area. Typically plant mixes will include annuals, perennials and wildflowers that are native to our region, therefore, more hardy and easy to maintain. Last, but most important, the ecological advantage resulting from meadow type planting is the payoff, for example:

(1) Pollinators, like bees and butterflies, are attracted, will feed and nest in a mini meadow (it is a fact that the overall number of pollinators is falling due to pesticides, pollutants and loss of habitat, so every mini meadow offsets some of that loss).

(2) Hummingbirds and other birds find food andshelter, and some species (ground nesters) will find a place for nesting. In fall and winter, seed pods may be useful as a food source when food is scarce.

(3) Many beneficial insects are attracted, as well as frogs, lizards and other wildlife.

(4) Local biodiversity results from the combination of all the “creatures” attracted to a mini meadow habitat.

(5) Less water is often needed because native wildflowers are adapted to local conditions.

(6) Wildflowers enhance soil health by promoting microbial activity and preventing erosion.

Earth Science Mini Meadow Mixes provide a blend of seeds intended to create beautiful, ecologically beneficial meadows, which include a variety of native and non-invasive flowering plants. Several types of mixes are available, providing an economical alternative for a wildflower garden. Make it easy with this all-in-one formula that contains natural wildflower seed, mulch, plant food and soil conditioners. Choose from the following collections:

The Pollinator Mix: includes Annual Candytuft, Siberian Wallflower, Zinnia, Purple Coneflower, Rocket Larkspur and Lacy Phacelia.

The Perennial Mix: assortment of Siberian Wallflower, Lance Leaved Coreopsis, Sweet William Pinks, Blue Flax, Dwarf Columbine, Shasta Daisy, Purple Coneflower, Blanketflower, Mexican Hat, and Black-Eyed Susan Fringed Pink.

Butterfly & Hummingbird Mix: includes Zinnia, Cosmos, Shasta Daisy, Sweet William and Black-Eyed Susan.

Shady Mix: blend of 11 wildflower species, including Annual Baby’s Breath, Annual Candytuft, Purple Coneflower, Corn Poppy and Johnny Jump-Up.

Deer & Rabbit Resistant Mix: assortment of 10 flower and herb varieties known to be resistant to damage by deer and rabbits, including Shasta Daisy, Perennial Lupine, Black-Eyed Susan and Gold Yarrow.

Bouquet Mix: blend of 9 wildflower species, including Cosmos, Rocket Larkspur, Zinnia, and Shasta Daisy.

Zinnia Mix: features colorful Zinnia’s in shades of orange, pink, purple, red, white and yellow. (Non-native, but butterflies love them!)

With the exception of the Shady Mix, all of these wildflower mixes should be spread in an area that receives at least 6 hours of direct sun. Follow these instructions:

  • Rake area to remove dead grass and debris. Seeds grow best when they have direct contact with the soil.
  • Uniformly apply flower mix so the area is mostly covered, but bare ground is still visible.
  • Water daily or as needed to keep the soil surface and flower seed moist for the first 2 weeks. This is critical for flower seed to germinate and thrive. When enough water has been applied, Earth Science’s patented Water Right Crystals will expand and sparkle. When the crystals disappear it’s time to water again.

If you can’t get to the countryside where the meadows stretch out along the highway, don’t worry, plant a mini meadow right at home where you can walk out of the door and enjoy the simple beauty of wildflowers. Fill a vase with cuttings and feel a bit of pride that you’re also improving the environment on good old planet Earth.

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

Air Plants – No Soil Needed!

By Kathy Torres

What? How can a plant live without soil? Beneath the tree canopies in their native habitats across Central and South America, Mexico and the southern United States, Air Plants can be found growing on branches, rocks or other surfaces, thriving in the humidity and filtered sunlight. They typically have strap-like leaves growing in a rosette pattern with new growth emerging from the plant’s center. The foliage color may vary, from silver or green or even red, and it can be spiky or fuzzy. Some produce flowers in shades of red, pink or purple that last from a few days to a few months. Most air plants range from 2″ to 12″ tall.

Not to be confused with a parasite that can cause harm to its host, an Air Plant is considered an “epiphyte” using Greek terminology, for growing on top of a plant (epi = on top of; phyte = plant), gathering its nutrients from the air, water and debris, rather than soil. The roots attach without damage to the host plant. These unique, low maintenance beauties have become quite popular in recent years, making an attractive and interesting display, mounted (with fishing line) to a piece of driftwood, sitting or hanging in a clear glass bulb or other decorative container, or grouped together in a saucer or bowl as a centerpiece. Although it seems like an enclosed terrarium would be a good home, it’s likely the environment would be too wet, so don’t go there. As indicated earlier, soil is not necessary, so DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES PLANT AIR PLANTS IN DIRT!

There are hundreds of species and varieties of Air Plants, crossing many plant families. FYI… Spanish Moss and Staghorn Fern are actually Air Plants. The most common classification typically available in garden centers is Tillandsia, from the Bromeliad family. These are perfect for indoors or outdoors (except during winter). Here are a few currently in stock at Wingard’s.


Requirements for Tillandsia
Requirements for Tillandsia are pretty simple… they like humidity, bright indirect light, regular watering and a little bit of fertilizer. There are a few mistakes that can be made, so here are the guidelines for success:

  • Humidity – For placement indoors, select a spot in a kitchen, bathroom or laundry room, where the air is more humid. Avoid dry areas of the home and don’t put them near a heater or air conditioner vent. Air Plants prefer warm temperatures, however, they will do just fine in typical indoor temperatures (68 – 72 degrees). Keep them outside throughout the year, except during winter. They will love the hot, humid summer weather!
  • Light – Air Plants need bright, indirect light, so it can be tricky to find a good spot to display them. The best place is a room with lots of windows, as long as the sun’s rays don’t shine directly on the plant(s). You can also use artificial grow lights or fluorescent lighting if you don’t have a great window option. Outdoors, try to place them in an area that is similar to their natural habitat, where they will receive indirect sunlight that is filtered through the trees. A bright porch that receives indirect sunlight is perfect. There are a few types of Air Plants that can thrive in shade, but most prefer light. Browning will occur and they will become “crispy critters” in the full sun. Even a little direct sun in the summertime here, will be too much.
  • Water – Regular watering is critical, but it doesn’t take much. There are a couple of ways you can water Air Plants. Lightly mist 2 or 3 times a week, or dunk them for 20-30 minutes in a bowl of water once a week. If dunking, place the plant upside down on a paper towel afterwards to dry excess water. Too much water will cause rotting. If the plant feels “mushy” you have over-watered. If the tips turn brown, you may not be watering enough. Cut off the tips and alter your watering schedule. NOTE: Use rainwater or bottled drinking water for Air Plants. The salt in softened water will burn the air plants and tap water has minerals that can keep them from absorbing nutrients.
  • Fertilizer – It’s not absolutely necessary to fertilize Air Plants, but if you want them to flourish (and bloom) add a bit of water soluble fertilizer in the mist or the water soak about once a month. Use a fertilizer for bromeliads and follow the directions.

One of the best characteristics of the Air Plant is the “mother” plant will produce “pups” if the plant is thriving. You know if this happens, you are doing everything right! The pups can be left alone or transplanted to form a new plant. To transplant, wait until the pup is about 1/3 the size of the mama. Just pinch and wiggle the pup to remove it. If it’s stubborn and does not release, simply take a small, alcohol-sanitized clipper and cut it out. The other revelation that the plant is healthy and thriving is a bloom. Blooms may appear in many bright, tropical colors, depending on the variety of Air Plant. Unfortunately, the plant from which the bloom appeared will die soon after. This is one good reason to leave the pups where they appear, to keep growth ongoing.

It’s too early to start planting in the yard, but it’s always a good time for a house plant (you can move it outside if you like when the weather warms up). Stop by Wingard’s and take a look at the latest shipment of Air Plants. Talk to Heidi in the Greenhouse if you need assistance in making your selection. For ideas on how to display these guys, check out this link AIR PLANT IDEAS. I think you will be surprised by what you can do with them, and how interesting, different and easy they can be.

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

Winter Blooming Plants – A Touch of Spring to Lift the Spirit!

Winter Blooming Winter Blooming Winter Blooming

By Kathy Torres

There’s no doubt that winter is the dark, dreary and often rainy season of the year. I would throw in “cold” but as I’m writing this, the temperatures this week have been in the 70’s! Never put your T-shirts away when you live in South Carolina. In spite of the on-again off-again spring-like weather, keep in mind the “dark and dreary” days typical for winter in order to provide the appropriate backdrop for this blog. Yes, here we are in winter. Even the most devoted gardeners are probably not yet thinking of spring and the implications of fresh potting soil, new shrub selections for the landscape, and colorful annuals and perennials. We still have a few weeks to go (March 19 is the first day of spring, 2024), so the satisfaction and enjoyment of the garden must come from what is already there. Wouldn’t it be great to see something blooming?

It just so happens there are a few plant specimens that provide beautiful blooms during the winter months. When many branches are bare and the colors of green, brown and gray monopolize the view from your porch or window, anything that blooms is truly a light in the darkness! I’d like to tell you about some of my favorite winter blooming plants and encourage you to consider finding a spot in your yard to plant one or two (or more), so you can experience their color during a time when it is much needed! All of these plants prefer or require afternoon shade or filtered sun all day. Remember that your shade areas shift from winter to summer, so be aware that the shade requirements are particularly important to protect your plants from the hot summer sun.

LENTEN ROSE

Lenten Rose Lenten Rose Lenten Rose
Lenten Rose Lenten Rose Lenten Rose

“A rose is a rose is a rose” (Gertrude Stein, 1913) – except when it’s not! Case in point, the Lenten Rose, AKA Hellebore, from the Ranunculaceae family. Not in the rose family at all, this lovely evergreen produces beautiful, unique blooms during the season of Lent (February/March), lasting until summer. Numerous hybrid varieties are available in a wide selection of bloom colors. The average plant size is about 18-24 inches at maturity, including the stalks and flowers, but there are a few taller varieties. During the first couple of years, the plant concentrates on root development, and then it takes off, producing a thick clump. Lenten Rose prefers shade, but can handle a bit of sun (morning, not afternoon) and just a little trimming of older foliage and spent blooms is necessary to keep it looking fresh. Fertilize new plantings to give them a good start, and once established, it’s not absolutely necessary. Water regularly until established, and during summertime dry periods. Don’t overwater, especially if planting in clay soil. Lenten Rose is great for mass planting, “filler” between small shrubs or annuals/perennials in a shade bed, or for cutting and filling a vase. It will give you a colorful surprise during the Lenten season, a sign that Easter and spring are coming soon.

MAHONIA

It’s easy to mistake some Mahonia for Hollies because of the prickly foliage, however, Mahonia is actually a member of the Barberry family. Winter Sun Mahonia shines in the winter with bright, golden yellow flower spikes against the dark green foliage. Reaching a height of 6-8 feet, this slow-growing, majestic evergreen shrub is perfect as a focal point in a shady garden bed. Blue berries appearing in spring attract a variety of birds. Mahonia is not too particular about soil, as long as it is well-drained, and it can hold its own in periods of drought. Another advantage is the toothy foliage, which is likely to discourage deer. Let it grow naturally as a large shrub or prune it into a tree shape. The ‘Winter Sun’ Mahonia pictured below (from my back yard) has bloomed beautifully this year!

Winter Sun If you’re interested in a smaller variety, check out ‘Soft Caress’ Mahonia. It has a different leaf, narrow and long, like fingers and they are smooth, not prickly. Mature height is only 2-3 feet tall. The other characteristics are basically the same… shade loving, slow growth rate, not too picky about soil, drought tolerant, blooms and berries.
Soft Caress



WINTER DAPHNE

Daphne aureomarginata Daphne Odora alba

Known for very fragrant blooms, Winter Daphne joins the group of winter-blooming shrubs. Mature size is about 4 feet tall with a width of 5-6 feet, but it will take a few years to get this big. It has a reputation for being difficult to grow, however, by planting it correctly you can avoid the most common problems. The plant requires afternoon shade or filtered sun all day. Don’t plant in clay soil without amending it with loose, porous soil and organic matter. Plant so that the top of the root ball is a few inches above soil level and mulch around it. Water once a week during periods of drought but be careful not to overwater. There are two different distinctions in most Winter Daphne types available: variegated or solid green leaves and pink or white blooms. Some may be more fragrant than others. Also deer resistant, this is a great addition to your landscape, most appreciated in winter.

EDGEWORTHIA

Edgeworthia Edgeworthia

Another focal point contender is Edgeworthia, AKA Paperbush. A notable characteristic of this plant is that it blooms on bare branches in the winter months, after the large, elongated leaves drop in fall. Also “note” worthy… the common name, Paperbush, comes from its use in Japan for producing banknotes. Edgeworthia has a tropical look in summer and gorgeous blooms in winter. It can grow up to 7 feet tall and wide, prefers a shady location, and has a moderate to fast growth rate. Clusters of fragrant, yellow blooms appear on the branches, usually beginning in December. For Edgeworthia to thrive, it’s a good idea to add organic matter to the existing soil to make sure it is rich in nutrients.

CAMELLIA

Camellia Greensboro Red Camellia Jurys Yellow Camellia Corkscrew Camellia Tri Color

As I’ve mentioned in a previous blog post on Camellias (Click HERE), there are two types. Camellia sasanqua blooms in fall (October to December) and Camellia japonica blooms in winter (December to March). In my mind, every southern landscape should have a Camellia. They love the climate and are beautiful, traditional, southern ornamental shrubs. Most Camellia japonica shrubs grow 8-10 feet tall, however, there are some varieties that are smaller. They prefer shade, but a little filtered sun or direct early morning sun is ok and will encourage blooming. The large leaves are waxy and deep green. Fairly slow growing, Camellia japonica will take a while to reach its mature size, but at any stage should produce plenty of blooms. There are a few diseases that can be a problem with Camellias; keep an eye out for spots on foliage or browning of buds, and spray with a fungicide per the directions on the container. Mature Camellias are drought tolerant once established, but water and fertilize regularly in the first year or so. Keep in mind that the soil doesn’t dry out as quickly in the shade as it does in the sun.

The very best time to buy Lenten Roses and Camellias is when they are blooming, and right now, Wingard’s has them in stock (those pictured above and much more). Edgeworthia and Winter Daphne are also available. Mahonia varieties will be coming in soon, as spring approaches. Because our winter temperatures are typically mild, the ground doesn’t freeze, making it possible to plant this time of year. Even though the plant won’t have much growth above ground until the temperatures warm up, the roots will be establishing underground. Set yourself up for future winters with blooming plants by purchasing now and getting them in the ground. Once established, these beauties will perform year after year with little or no maintenance. So, grab a jacket, get outside and plant something fresh and new to perk up the yard. You can get your hands dirty and not even break a sweat… a southern gardener’s dream come true.

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

African Violets…Mysterious and Captivating!

By Kathy Torres

Happy New Year!!!  I can’t think of a better way to start off a new year, than by adding a gorgeous indoor plant to your home.  Especially because things look a bit dreary and bare after taking down the Christmas decorations.  Lucky for you, Wingard’s Annual Poinsettia Trade-In will begin January 10th!  All you need to do is bring in your Poinsettia, which, quite honestly, is probably looking pitiful by now, and you will receive a fresh African Violet.  These lovely plants can be tricky to grow, but with a little education on how to care for them, you can do it!  But first, I want to send you on a journey to help you find the enthusiasm to try. 

While doing my research for this blog, I stumbled on a piece from National Geographic Magazine that captured my attention and sparked my excitement about this delicate flower through the writer’s personal encounter in Tanzania’s Udzungwa National Park.  The article, actually a letter to African Violet Society of America, is a charming example of the lure of this enchanting plant specimen.  It’s an entertaining read and you can access it HERE.

After reading Andrew’s letter at the link highlighted in the paragraph above, I am sure you will be enticed into trying an African Violet in your home, (and you may even want to plan a trip to Tanzania)!  As with any plant, it’s best to know as much as you can about the requirements for it to flourish and remain healthy.  I would generally give you that information at this point in my blog, however, the job was made easy this time because Wingard’s has an existing blog that contains all you need to know.  Learn all about what African Violets need in terms of Light, Water, Soil, Food and Air by clicking on the link to African Violets 101, right HERE.

There are many species of African Violets and many bloom colors.  Also, to give them the best chance to do well, there are many products available made especially for them.  So… with all of this in mind, you are cordially invited to visit Wingard’s Market and the friendly, knowledgeable staff will assist you as you begin your own African Violet adventure!

May the new year bring you and your family many blessings and many things blooming!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

New USDA Agricultural Hardiness Zone Map

Hardiness Zone Map

By Kathy Torres

Bob Dylan wrote a song in 1963 with lyrics, “The times, they are a changin.” It was an anthem for social change directly related to the civil rights movement. The song was appropriate and true then and it resonates loudly in this century as well. While its message had a deep and serious nature, let’s switch gears and apply it to another subject, also appropriate and true…. THE WEATHER. Not to minimize the intent of the song, but nothing changes much more than the weather. And, ironically, the topic of climate change is a real social/political topic of our time. Research is indicating a slight warming of winter temperatures in the U.S. and has been documented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in its official plant hardiness map. While the idea of fewer cold snaps that damage plants in winter is a welcome thought, we don’t know precisely how this change will impact us. It is possible that eventually we may have more in common with our coastal neighbors in terms of weather that allows for more tropical plants, BUT, it’s a bit too early to make that assumption. One thing is for sure, however… the weather, “it is a changin.”

The U.S. Department of Agriculture has recently released its 2023 Agricultural Hardiness Zone Map, a tool that provides valuable assistance to gardeners, farmers, researchers and others involved in growing plants by establishing “growing zones” or “gardening zones.” Developed by USDA’s Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University’s PRISM Climate Group, the map provides a standard/guide for helping gardeners and farmers select plants that will thrive in their region. Data from 13,412 weather stations was collected and evaluated to support the map divisions, compared to 7,983 stations in the last revision (2012). Lowest winter temperatures are averaged and used to characterize each zone. Cold weather is not the only factor in plant survival, however it is significant, and is the basis for USDA’s map. It has proven to be a reliable planting guide throughout the United States.

The map is based on 30 years of weather data from 1991 to 2020 and consists of 13 individual zones that include the contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Zone 1, the northernmost zone, is Alaska, where temperatures can reach as low as -60 degrees Fahrenheit. Zone 13, the southernmost zone, can be found in Hawaii and Puerto Rico, where the average minimum temperature is above 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Zones represent low temperatures in 10-degree increments, plus, each zone is further broken down into additional 5-degree half zones designated “a” and “b”.

When compared to the 2012 map, the 2023 version reveals that about half of the country shifted to the next warmer half zone and the other half of the country remained in the same half zone. The shift to the next warmer half zone means those areas warmed by 0-5 degrees Fahrenheit. USDA cautions that temperature increases in plant hardiness zones are not necessarily reflective of global climate change, for several reasons… (1) Because mapping methods are more sophisticated, (2) Extreme minimum temperatures vary from year to year, and (3) Data from additional weather stations was used. According to Chris Daly, Director of the PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University that jointly developed the map with USDA, “The reasons the 30-year data led to half-zone shifts is too complex to attribute to one cause, such as climate change. However, over the long run, we will expect to see a slow shifting northward of zones as climate change takes hold.”

The zones have shifted to slightly warmer average temperatures in parts of South Carolina, but this change shouldn’t really make a big difference for us because the average minimum temperature range indicated is still below freezing. Most of Lexington and Richland counties were previously considered Zone “8a” (average minimum temperature in winter 10-15 degrees Fahrenheit). The new version of USDA’s map indicates this area is now mostly Zone “8b” (average minimum temperature in winter 15-20 degrees Fahrenheit). There are a few areas in Lexington and Richland counties that remain Zone “8a” that are close to Aiken, Saluda, Newberry, Fairfield and Kershaw counties. Areas surrounding Lake Murray are primarily considered Zone “8b” until you get close to Saluda and Newberry counties. It’s interesting that last winter we experienced Zone “8a” temperatures that had a dramatic effect on some of the plants that usually handle winter very well here. It was unusual, however, so it is To Be Determined as to whether or not those low temperatures will affect the next 30-year average. If anything, the cold temperatures we experienced support unusual temperature fluxuation and underminds the global warming theory. Hopefully, reliable, scientific research will lead us into the future with sound evidence either way.

When purchasing plants, it’s a good idea to investigate their winter hardiness. Most of the time, you will find this information on a plant tag, but not always. Most garden centers are more conscientious about selling plants appropriate for the region, however the box stores will miss this detail occasionally. Just be sure to do your research if a plant tag is not available that includes this information. If a search on the internet doesn’t get you to the hardiness zone information, try one of these websites: Monrovia.com or NC State University Plant Toolbox.

As we prepare for the holidays, it’s unlikely our new agricultural hardiness zone assignment will affect our chances of a snow flurry (Oh, the anticipation of a White Christmas… a South Carolina dream!) If we do get that snowfall, or, if a January, February, March freeze comes upon us, just remember to cover or heavily mulch the vulnerable plants like blueberries, tropical banana trees, elephant ears, etc. And if you’re trying to overwinter your hibiscus or bougainvillea, be sure to bring them inside to the garage or sunroom. The future may take us to warmer temperatures; we just don’t know for certain, so, let’s do all we can to care for our planet in the meantime. And don’t panic over this small change in our agricultural hardiness zone – “frost” and “freeze” will continue to be a part of our winter weather language.

Here’s a link to South Carolina in the revised USDA MAP.

Best wishes to you and yours this Christmas!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

Evergreens that satisfy a yearning for the North

EVERGREENS THAT SATISFY A YEARNING FOR THE NORTH
By Kathy Torres

It’s no secret that many people from the northern states move south to escape cold weather, ice and snow, high cost of living, to access beach life, or even to get a little closer to SEC Football. (Possible? Probably!) Regardless of the incentive to live in the south, the difference in climate holds both positive and negative realizations when it comes to gardening and landscape characteristics. A much longer growing season is a definite plus, however, with that comes the heat and humidity that can often be challenging to maintaining happy, healthy plants. Milder temperatures in winter with fewer hard freezes creates a great environment for fruit trees, but not so much for the magnificent Cedar, Spruce and Fir trees that line the highways from Maine to Washington State. How wonderful it must be to drive to a nearby tree farm to cut your own Christmas tree! We have no idea of that experience here in the south, but thank goodness we can shop Wingard’s Market (Frasier Firs will be available the Monday before Thanksgiving) and enjoy the wintery fir tree for a little while. So many of the beautiful evergreen trees and shrubs that can be grown up north will just not grow here because our summers are too hot and winters are not cold enough. Customers who have relocated from northern states often visit Wingard’s looking for similar plants that can be substituted for the beloved evergreens they left behind.

Many pyramid-shaped evergreen trees are prominent in northern landscapes. While there are not as many options for us in the south, several come to mind that have the same look. Arborvitae AKA Thuja, variety Green Giant is an excellent evergreen specimen tree (focal point) or screen plant growing to a mature height of 40-60 feet tall and 12-18 feet wide. You may remember the Leyland Cypress tree that was widely planted in recent years. The Leyland Cypress developed disease issues and is no longer recommended. The Arborvitae Green Giant looks very much like the Leyland Cypress and offers a perfect fast growing substitution option. Arizona Cypress ‘Carolina Sapphire’ (developed by Clemson University and South Carolina Forestry Commission) is another attractive pyramid-shaped evergreen with a lighter, silvery blue-green color, about the same mature size, also very fast growing. Both thrive in full or part sun (at least 6 hours), are drought tolerant once established, and can stand the heat and humidity. Cuttings are long-lasting and perfect for natural Christmas wreaths and garlands. An added plus for Carolina Sapphire is the appearance of small cones in winter on the graceful, airy branches. For a smaller pyramid-shaped evergreen, Blue Point Juniper is a contender with a mature height of 12 feet and width of 6-8 feet. Blue Point is densely branched with blue-green foliage, grows at a moderate rate, and also thrives in full to part sun.

All three of these tree varieties require little or no pruning to maintain their shape and density. Just be sure to plant the big ones in a spot that will handle their mature size. If you’re planting several in a line for screening, don’t plant them too close together or you may be inviting disease problems due to lack of air flow once they are mature. For both the Green Giant and the Carolina Sapphire, a distance of 6-8 feet apart is best; plant Blue Point Juniper trees 4-5 feet apart.

Arborvitae Green Giant
Arborvitae Green Giant
Arizona Cypress Carolina Sapphire
Arizona Cypress Carolina Sapphire
Blue Point Juniper
Blue Point Juniper

A slower growing evergreen, the Eastern Red Cedar is native to South Carolina and can be found all the way from eastern coastal Canada south to the Gulf Coast of the United States (Agricultural zones 2 to 9). Native plants give you an extra advantage because they have adapted to the environment, making them much more likely to thrive when you add them to your landscape. In many cases, established native plants can grow with little to no fertilizer, pesticides, and even irrigation. In this way, native plants generally help protect water resources. The Eastern Red Cedar is really not a Cedar, it’s actually a Juniper (like botanical names aren’t confusing enough). Its dense, blue-green scale-like needles turn bronze in fall. With a mature height anywhere from 30-40 feet tall and 10-20 feet wide, the Eastern Red Cedar offers an excellent habitat for birds; female trees produce blue, berry-like fruit.

Eastern Red Cedar
Eastern Red Cedar
Berries of Eastern Red Cedar
Berries of Eastern Red Cedar

A more ornamental conifer (another word for evergreen trees that produce cones), is Japanese Cryptomeria, AKA Japanese Cedar. This tree, known as sugi in Japan, is the national tree. It is perfect to stand alone for interest in a sunny spot in the landscape, with small cones appearing in fall. As it grows, branches separate, making it’s appearance slightly less dense and pyramidal than some of the trees mentioned above. Very slow growing, it may not be the best choice for a hedge or screen. It may reach 50-70 feet tall and 20-30 feet wide, but probably not in your lifetime. Don’t let this discourage you, because the beauty and interest of Japanese Crytomeria, even when it’s small, makes a special, out of the ordinary, addition to any garden bed. Also, if you’re in to Bonsai, it’s a perfect candidate.

Cryptomeria
Cryptomeria
Cones of Cryptomeria
Cones of Cryptomeria

Now that you have a few ideas for trees to give you that “northern” feel, consider other evergreens that provide year round foliage and compliment them. Most southern landscapes contain a combination of deciduous (drops leaves) and evergreen plantings. Because our winter is fairly short, we can handle the bare branches for a bit, however, they are certainly less noticeable when mixed with evergreens. Here are a few “southern” evergreens that we highly recommend.

Japanese Plum Yew, Cephalotaxus harringtonia, is a wonderful alternative to boxwood for a low growing, evergreen border/hedge. Native to Japan, northeastern China, and Korea, it is often cultivated for its edible fruit (must have both male and female plants). Japanese Plum Yew is different from Japanese Yew, Taxus cuspidata, which bares poisonous seeds and leaves. Look for the botanical name when you are looking for it to distinguish the varieties. Many Yew varieties do not tolerate heat like we have in the south, however Japanese Plum Yew is suitable for USDA Zones 6 to 9 (we are 8). The ‘Yewtopia’ cultivar has a growth habit which is rounded and spreading, usually wider than tall. Mature size is 2-3 feet tall by 4+ feet wide. In our warm climate, this Yew prefers part sun (morning sun, afternoon shade) or full shade and well-drained soil. The lush, dark green foliage is needle-shaped with a lighter green underside. Perfect for mass plantings, Japanese Plum Yew maintains its color year round. It is not likely to need pruning, and will typically not have disease and pest problems. Another cultivar, Cephalotaxus harringtonia ‘fastigiata’ is upright, reaches 8-10 feet in height, making it a great specimen plant in a garden bed.

Cephalotaxus harringtonia
Cephalotaxus harringtonia
Cephalotaxus harringtonia 'fastigiata'
Cephalotaxus harringtonia ‘fastigata’

Podocarpus is another Yew-like shrub/tree, though not actually in the Yew family. The foliage looks exactly the same, and it shares the same growing requirements, but the common variety can grow quite tall (10-15 feet). Podocarpus is easily pruned to whatever shape you desire. You’re likely to see this plant espaliered (pruned to grow on a trellis) or planted in rows to create a garden wall, adding a formal touch. Because it is slow growing, pruning is really only needed for shaping. On your next visit to Charleston, peek through the gate of one of the historical homes on Meeting Street and you’re likely to see it.

Podocarpus Topiary
Podocarpus Topiary
Podocarpus
Podocarpus
Podocarpus Espalier
Podocarpus Espalier

There are many other evergreen trees and shrubs that will provide year round greenery, some with the added benefit of blooms or berries. Holly trees and shrubs make wonderful anchor plants on the corner of a home or as a focal point in a garden bed. Rich, green foliage serves as the backdrop for the prickly foliage and red berries appearing in winter. The “Big Mama” of the Holly family is Nellie Stevens, growing as tall as 30 feet and just slightly less in width. Needle Point is another variety, not quite as enormous as Nellie Stevens, with a mature height and width of 15-20 feet. Both of these varieties have a natural, Christmas tree shape. For a more compact, round shrub, try Dwarf Burfordi Holly, great for foundation planting or a hedge. It will grow 4-5 feet tall and wide.

Nellie Stevens
Nellie Stevens
Needle Point
Needle Point
Dwarf Burfordi
Dwarf Burfordi

Did I mention blooms? Two favorite evergreens for the landscape with gorgeous blooms are Magnolia and Camellia. Not likely to survive in northern climates, these beauties represent yet another reason to move down south! The Southern Magnolia is a large, broadleaf evergreen tree that is known for attractive glossy dark green leaves and large, extremely fragrant flowers appearing in summer. Pyramidal in growth habit, Southern Magnolia typically grows 60-80 feet tall with a spread of 20-40 feet wide, and a trunk diameter of 3 feet. Full or part sun is best (at least 6 hours). Magnolias are one of the oldest known tree species in the world. Common varieties include Brackens Brown Beauty, Kay Parris and Claudia Wannamaker. If your landscape isn’t large enough to accommodate the big guys, there are other smaller varieties, such as Little Gem and Teddy Bear that won’t require as much space and will give you the same beautiful foliage and blooms.

Magnolia Bloom
Magnolia Bloom
Southern Magnolia
Southern Magnolia

Finally, the Classic Camellia is a must for the southern landscape. As summer’s end approaches, many of the stunning flowers you planted are looking a bit scorched, the rose bushes have lost the fresh appearance you enjoyed in the early spring, and soon the branches on the deciduous shrubs and trees will be bare. Camellia sasanqua is about to shine as buds appear amid the waxy, deep green foliage. Blooms will begin to appear in October or November. Camellia japonica will bloom in the winter months (December to March). Camellias are available in many sizes with a variety of bloom colors, and both types (sasanqua and japonica) are evergreen. Camellia japonica is shade loving, however, some sun is needed to encourage blooming. It’s best to avoid planting in full sun; morning sun/afternoon shade or filtered sun is best. Camellia sasanqua can take more sun, but full sun is still too much, so use the same philosophy for both. Avoid planting in dense shade because it will likely prohibit blooming. Fall is the best time to plant, and I have it on good authority that Wingard’s camellia inventory is fully stocked!

Camellia sasanqua 'Yuletide'
Camellia sasanqua ‘Yuletide’
Camellia japonica 'Pink Perfection'
Camellia japonica ‘Pink Perfection’

NOTE: For more on Camellias, click HERE for Wingard’s Blog entitled “The Classic Camellia.”

As we approach the Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays, most “northerners” who live here in the south are probably grateful that a snow shovel is not a part of life anymore, but, there may be a yearning for the familiar landscape they used to know. We can’t capture it exactly, but there are many beautiful substitutes that may just fill the void. So, consider trying a few trees and shrubs that remind you of that place you lived before… and embrace a few southern treasures now that you’re here. The staff at Wingard’s Market are always available to help you make the transition!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

Spotlight On Ornamental Grasses

Ornamental Grasses

SPOTLIGHT ON ORNAMENTAL GRASSES
by Kathy Torres

The more you experiment in landscaping, the more likely you are to realize that you don’t want every shrub in the yard to be green. In addition to variations in color, a pleasing design will include different plant sizes, leaf shapes and textures. Ornamental grasses provide a breezy, moving plant form that contrasts with existing shrubs and flowers, often producing striking plumes that add to the show. Planted as a focal point, a backdrop for other plant specimens, a border, or even around a pool to create a “pond-in-a-meadow” or a “coastal” feeling, ornamental grasses provide great versatility. Great for erosion control, grasses can be a problem-solver as well. Add to that… low-maintenance, drought tolerance, resistance to disease, and what’s not to love? In fact, many varieties of ornamental grasses are not enticing to deer, a much sought after plant characteristic in our neck of the woods.

Many different size options are available from Pampas grass, with its wide blades and fluffy, white plumes, reaching up to 10 ft. tall and wide, to Blue Fescue grass, with its spiky, silvery blue foliage, one of the smallest varieties growing 1-2 ft. tall and wide. More to come on other types/varieties described below. Cultivars may be annual, perennial, or evergreen and are easily adaptable to most soil types. For best results, plant in full sun, however, many varieties can handle part shade with a minimum of 6 hours of direct sun.

Care requirements will vary depending on the grass type you have. Annual grasses are good for one season and will not survive freezing temperatures. Some perennial grasses will turn brown in winter and can be cut back before new spring growth begins to appear. Other perennial grasses may not turn totally brown, but may show slight winter damage, and a cut back is likely necessary for them as well. Evergreen grasses are fairly maintenance free, but it’s a good idea to trim every couple of years to keep them in shape. Most ornamental grasses can be divided, and this will encourage good plant health.

In the scientific, botanical world, there are plants considered and named as actual “grasses” and then there are “grass-like” plants. Because they are all popular and work well in the landscape, (and all look like grasses), we include them in the family of ornamental grasses, the garden center family, that is, not the botanical family. Anyway, here are some of our favorite grasses:

MAIDEN GRASS, Miscanthus sinensis, is perennial and has a graceful, vase-like shape that displays a soft, airy texture. When it blooms, the foliage is topped by silvery seed heads. There are dwarf and large varieties available for any size garden.

Miscanthus Sinesis
Adagio, 3-5 ft. tall x 3-4 ft. wide

Gracillimus, 4-7 ft. tall x 3-6 ft. wide

Zebrinius, 5-8 ft. tall x 4-6 ft. with variegated leaf blades

MUHLY GRASS, Muhlenbergia capillaris, reaches 2-3 ft. tall x 1-3 ft. wide. This perennial grass is best planted in the spring or fall, a month or so before frost is expected. The long, slender shoots of grass are green and as fall approaches, soft, pink “cotton candy” type flowers appear. Plant in groups or as a border for the full impact of the fuzzy mass of pink or white.

Pink Muhly Grass White Cloud Muhly

LOMANDRA longifolia, AKA Mat Rush, originating from Australia, is an evergreen ornamental grass with medium green, thick, strap-like leaves, accented by spiny flower spikes with tiny creamy yellow male flowers. Plant in full sun to moderate shade. Lomandra is winter hardy to 15-20 degrees. This is a drought tolerant plant once established, particularly when grown in some shade along the coast, but can also tolerate regular irrigation or even wet soils.

Lomandra Longifolia
Breeze, 2-3 ft. tall x 3-4 ft. wide

Katrinus, 2-3 ft. tall x 3-4 ft. wide with wider leaf blades

Platinum Beauty, 2-3 ft. tall x 2-3 ft. wide with variegated leaf blades

PENNISETUM GRASS, AKA Fountain Grass, includes many ornamental grasses, both annual and perennial, ranging in size from 1-4 ft. in height. Known for soft, fuzzy flower plumes, they add interest and airy texture to the garden, or make a perfect “thriller” in a container garden on the patio or deck. Foliage color varies from green to burgundy or purple, and include variegated colors. The flowers are perfect for cut and dried flower arrangements.

Rebrum
Rubrum (Annual) 4’hx 4’w Hameln
Hameln Fountain Grass
(Perennial) 3’h x 3’w KarleyRose
Karley Rose Fountain Grass
(Perennial) 3’h x 3’w

SWITCHGRASS, Panicum virgatum, AKA Prairie Grass is a tough perennial grass that has dominated the tall-grass prairies of North America. Upright and sturdy, this narrow ornamental grass serves well as a backdrop to lower growing shrubs or flowers in the landscape. Green stalks/blades may have hints of blue, burgundy or red. In winter, dried flower heads provide interest. Height varies from 3-8 ft. with a typical width of 2-3ft.

Rebrum
Heavy Metal 5’h x 2’w
Hameln Fountain Grass
Cloud Nine 8’h x 3’w
Karley Rose Fountain Grass
Shenandoah 4’h x 2’w

Feather Reed Grass FEATHER REED GRASS, Calamagrostis x acutiflora, similar to Switchgrass, provides showy color and impressive height (3-5 ft. tall and 18-24 inches wide), emerging in spring with a reddish hue. Leaf blades become variegated as they mature and airy, pinkish-purple plumes appearing later in the warm season. Plant this perennial grass individually, in groups or rows, in full or part sun (minimum of 6 hours).

Avalanche

Strawberries & CreamRIBBON GRASS, Phalaris arundinacea, has an upright, arching growth habit, with white-striped foliage blushed with pink. In early summer, panicles of soft white flowers appear. This aggressive grower can handle wet feet, making it great for a pond border. Try it in a large container garden mixed with colorful annuals or perennials. Cut this perennial grass back in winter for fresh, new foliage in spring. Plant in full sun or part shade (minimum of 6 hours).

Strawberries and Cream, 3 ft. tall x 3 ft. wide

Blue FescueBLUE FESCUE, Festuca glauca, an evergreen grass native to southern France, has a distinct silver-blue color with upright plumes appearing in late summer. It can handle the cold temperatures of winter, as well as the hot, humid summer in South Carolina. Small and compact (8-12 inches tall and wide at maturity), Blue Fescue is perfect as an accent, in mass plantings, containers, and because it is drought tolerant, even in crevices of rock gardens. Dividing every 2-4 years will keep it healthy and growing strong.

Elijah Blue is a common variety.

Pampas GrassPAMPAS GRASS, Cortaderia selloana, is the “Big Daddy” of perennial ornamental grasses, growing up to 10 feet tall, with dramatic plumes in white or pink. It should be planted in full sun in an area big enough to handle its mature size. Water it well when first planted, but you can pretty much ignore it once established. Divide it occasionally to keep it under control. Pampas grass is great in coastal or lake front areas and for providing privacy screening, or camouflaging HVAC units or undesirable views. Because it is highly flammable, don’t plant it near a grill or fire pit. The leaves or blades of Pampas grass are razor-sharp, so be sure to wear eye protection, gloves and long sleeves when pruning.

Liriope LilyturfLIRIOPE, AKA Lilyturf or Monkey Grass, is a fast-growing groundcover or border plant. The two most prominent species found here are Liriope muscari and Liriope spicata. Muscari is more clumping and spicata is a spreader. Most Liriope grows to a height of 10-18 inches and a width of 12-18 inches. Typically, the color is dark green, however, there are variegated cultivars available as well. Blooms (usually purple) appear on stalks in summer followed by bluish-black berries in the fall. Extremely tough, Liriope will grow in deep sun or shade. It’s evergreen, however, a good cut back in winter will encourage fresh growth in spring.

Mundo Grass MONDO GRASS, Ophiopogon japonicus, is another evergreen, sod-forming perennial very similar to Liriope that prefers shade, also available in a dwarf size that reaches only 4 inches. It’s a great groundcover under a tree or other area where most lawn grasses fail.

Clemson University has online fact sheets on both Liriope and Mondo grasses. For more information go to LIRIOPE and MONDO.

SEDGE, Carex is a large genus of grass-like perennial plants similar to Liriope and Mondo in appearance and use in the landscape. No flowers or berries appear, however Carex offers a bit more variety in color. Carex Everillo is a beautiful, chartreuse cultivar, providing contrast when placed among shrubs in a garden bed or flowers in a container garden. Carex Evergold is gold and green variegated, and Carex Cherokee is solid green and native to the Southeastern United States. Mature size for these varieties is about 1-1.5 ft. tall and wide, although Cherokee is a little smaller. Part sun is best for Carex and a late winter or early spring cutback might be necessary, but many species thrive without it.

Sedge / Carex Sedge / Carex Sedge / Carex

Creating a landscape plan can be overwhelming with so many choices of plant types, sizes and colors, incorporating textures and interest, in addition to learning about how to maintain and keep it all healthy and looking good. Consider ornamental grasses as part of your design for a component that will be EASY! Most will require very little attention once established, so you can expend your energy on other areas. Ornamental grasses can provide a distinctive impact that is steadfast year after year with very little care needed. As you’re driving around town, keep an eye out for the striking plumes. Fall is approaching and it’s time for them to show off. You’ll love them, I promise!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!