By Kathy Torres

You may have the best neighbors in the world, but when you are relaxing in your backyard by the pool, having an outdoor meal with your family, or just reading a book and watching the birds come and go from the feeder, it’s really nice to enjoy a little privacy. And maybe you don’t have great neighbors…. even more reason to create a way to ensure that privacy, or to put it in simple terms, a way to HIDE from them! HIDE being the critical word, there may also be a structure that is not exactly attractive, for example… a dog pen, storage shed or wood pile. Installation of screen plants can improve this situation as well. Fencing is an option, although it can be expensive and, if constructed of wood, will need to be painted or stained. You’ll likely want to plant shrubs to “soften” the look of the fence, so, why not just use screen plants instead to create a beautiful, natural separation between you and your neighbors or that unsightly structure. More esthetically pleasing, a natural screen will contribute to a more peaceful environment, requiring much less (if any) maintenance.

There are a few attributes of screen plants that are desirable:

1. Evergreen: Typically, evergreen shrubs/trees make the most sense in creating a screen. Due to their year’ round foliage, it’s difficult to see through them. There is an alternative, if you have the space, to plant something deciduous (leaves fall) along with an evergreen shrub. One can provide the screen and the other can add interest or contrast.
2. Medium to Fast-Growing: It seems that most garden center shoppers these days aren’t willing to wait years and years for shrubs and trees to mature, and are looking for fast-growing specimens. This is especially true for folks looking to create a screen. Some of the plants we recommend will grow about 3 feet a year, so if you are really in a hurry, plant fast-growing shrubs or trees. Regardless, it’s going to take a few years to establish them and to have the screening results you desire.
3. Mature Height and Width of Plants: Determine what your height and width requirement is when choosing screening shrubs or trees. Don’t set yourself up for constant pruning by selecting plants that will grow to a larger size than anticipated. Pay careful attention to the MATURE HEIGHT AND WIDTH. Also recognize the fact that any plant can grow a little more or less tall and/or wide depending on how happy it is in the environment due to soil quality, sun, drainage, wind, etc.

While 8-10 ft. is an average height for most privacy screening, 12-18 ft. or even higher (30-40 ft.) is attainable with several varieties and may be appropriate depending on the landscape. In a subdivision with ¼ acre lots, it’s unlikely that 30-foot Carolina Sapphire can be installed along the property line, however, it would work beautifully on a larger lot on the lake or in a more rural area. Note: A trick to raise the elevation of your plant screen is to build up the soil or “berm” the planting area. In areas of dense clay, this will also improve the ability of plants to establish a good root system.

Spacing, in terms of width and depth of the area in which you are planting, may limit the plants you select to more narrow species. Some specimens can adapt to being planted closer together, but some may develop fungus if the foliage becomes too dense, prohibiting air flow and light. It may take longer for the space to fill in, but adhering to spacing recommendations may keep the plants healthier.

When considering a natural screen, it’s all about your vision for the area and the space you have available. Decide whether you prefer a continuous hedge of the same species, or a combination of different varieties. Keep in mind that a hedge can be natural or pruned. If you’re going for the “English Garden” look, feel free to prune to a box shape. Planting a combination of different specimens will create a more natural look and pruning should not be necessary, as long as plants do not crowd each other when full-grown. Again… It is critical to be aware of the mature height and width of every shrub or tree in your plan. Whether you choose a hedge or a combination of different plants, it’s simply a matter of preference.

Just so you know… Combination or mixed screens provide all the functional aspects necessary, but in addition provide biodiversity to the landscape resulting in benefits to plant health and longevity. You may be aware of the problems years ago that developed with the Red Tip or Fraser photinia and more recently, the Leyland cypress, both over-planted in hedges and natural screening. Over-planting, especially when planting a continuous line, creates an ideal environment for the spread of fungus from one plant to the next. Here are examples of mixed screen planting in case you’re just not convinced of their beauty and function. There may be a plant or two pictured that we don’t typically grow here, but something similar can be substituted. Also, keep in mind, that SOME repetition is ok in a mixed grouping to provide a bit of symmetry.

The amount of sun received in the area where you will be planting is ALWAYS an important factor in the plant selection process. Most all screen plants we recommend need at least 6 or more hours of full sun, and many of them will actually thrive in all day sun. There are not as many choices for shade, but several excellent specimens are available.

The following shrubs and trees are in stock at Wingard’s right now and are recommended for natural screening:

* Also good in shade    ~ Fast-growing

Making a home comfortable and private is, I believe, a goal most of us share. Our yard should be an extension of that desire, creating a place to be alone or to spend time with family, friends and don’t forget the 4-legged family members. Framing a home with foundation plants, annuals and perennials softens the “hardness” of the building, making it more appealing and beautiful. Natural screening is a great way to add separation and privacy in the same way. Consider visiting Wingard’s and ask our staff to discuss a plan for your landscape.

Of course, this writer would NEVER suggest that GOOD NEIGHBORS should not be appreciated! When you have them, often they become part of your “extended” family. So don’t completely hide from your (good) neighbors! Enjoy your private time but share the tomatoes you are growing in your garden or cut a few flowers from your Hydrangea this summer and be a good neighbor yourself. That goodness will come back to you!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

By Kathy Torres

The next time you walk into the Produce Market and Backyard Nature Center at Wingard’s Market, look to the right of the building and you will see a small area that has been planted with various perennials to create a lovely mini garden. We started building this garden about 10 years ago to serve as an example for customers interested in attracting hummingbirds, bees and butterflies. Black Eyed Susan, Cone Flower, Spiderwort, Bee Balm, Aster, and Coreopsis are among the plants living there. New growth is peeking up through the ground already, and this perennial garden will be alive with colorful blooms, nature’s “vacancy” sign to alert pollinators and wildlife that rooms are available in this garden resort. Because different perennial plants bloom at different times during the growing season, there will be a continuous color pallet present throughout spring and summer.

Another way to create a similar garden or “mini meadow” in your own landscape is made possible by a new product line available this spring at Wingard’s. We are proud to introduce Earth Science Growth Essentials, including seed, fertilizer, soil conditioner, and mulch, giving you everything you need and an EASY way to do it! Before we get into the types of seed combinations available, it’s important to note the value of having a mini meadow. The word “meadow” suggests a large field in a rural area with miles of wildflowers and grasses, however, it’s actually possible to create the same effect in a much smaller space, as little as 50 square feet, thus… a “mini meadow.” Perfect for a small space in your landscape, a square foot garden or even a window box, this type of planting brings a wide-open-spaces feel to a smaller area. Typically plant mixes will include annuals, perennials and wildflowers that are native to our region, therefore, more hardy and easy to maintain. Last, but most important, the ecological advantage resulting from meadow type planting is the payoff, for example:

(1) Pollinators, like bees and butterflies, are attracted, will feed and nest in a mini meadow (it is a fact that the overall number of pollinators is falling due to pesticides, pollutants and loss of habitat, so every mini meadow offsets some of that loss).

(2) Hummingbirds and other birds find food andshelter, and some species (ground nesters) will find a place for nesting. In fall and winter, seed pods may be useful as a food source when food is scarce.

(3) Many beneficial insects are attracted, as well as frogs, lizards and other wildlife.

(4) Local biodiversity results from the combination of all the “creatures” attracted to a mini meadow habitat.

(5) Less water is often needed because native wildflowers are adapted to local conditions.

(6) Wildflowers enhance soil health by promoting microbial activity and preventing erosion.

Earth Science Mini Meadow Mixes provide a blend of seeds intended to create beautiful, ecologically beneficial meadows, which include a variety of native and non-invasive flowering plants. Several types of mixes are available, providing an economical alternative for a wildflower garden. Make it easy with this all-in-one formula that contains natural wildflower seed, mulch, plant food and soil conditioners. Choose from the following collections:

The Pollinator Mix: includes Annual Candytuft, Siberian Wallflower, Zinnia, Purple Coneflower, Rocket Larkspur and Lacy Phacelia.

The Perennial Mix: assortment of Siberian Wallflower, Lance Leaved Coreopsis, Sweet William Pinks, Blue Flax, Dwarf Columbine, Shasta Daisy, Purple Coneflower, Blanketflower, Mexican Hat, and Black-Eyed Susan Fringed Pink.

Butterfly & Hummingbird Mix: includes Zinnia, Cosmos, Shasta Daisy, Sweet William and Black-Eyed Susan.

Shady Mix: blend of 11 wildflower species, including Annual Baby’s Breath, Annual Candytuft, Purple Coneflower, Corn Poppy and Johnny Jump-Up.

Deer & Rabbit Resistant Mix: assortment of 10 flower and herb varieties known to be resistant to damage by deer and rabbits, including Shasta Daisy, Perennial Lupine, Black-Eyed Susan and Gold Yarrow.

Bouquet Mix: blend of 9 wildflower species, including Cosmos, Rocket Larkspur, Zinnia, and Shasta Daisy.

Zinnia Mix: features colorful Zinnia’s in shades of orange, pink, purple, red, white and yellow. (Non-native, but butterflies love them!)

With the exception of the Shady Mix, all of these wildflower mixes should be spread in an area that receives at least 6 hours of direct sun. Follow these instructions:

• Rake area to remove dead grass and debris. Seeds grow best when they have direct contact with the soil.
• Uniformly apply flower mix so the area is mostly covered, but bare ground is still visible.
• Water daily or as needed to keep the soil surface and flower seed moist for the first 2 weeks. This is critical for flower seed to germinate and thrive. When enough water has been applied, Earth Science’s patented Water Right Crystals will expand and sparkle. When the crystals disappear it’s time to water again.

If you can’t get to the countryside where the meadows stretch out along the highway, don’t worry, plant a mini meadow right at home where you can walk out of the door and enjoy the simple beauty of wildflowers. Fill a vase with cuttings and feel a bit of pride that you’re also improving the environment on good old planet Earth.

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

By Kathy Torres

What? How can a plant live without soil? Beneath the tree canopies in their native habitats across Central and South America, Mexico and the southern United States, Air Plants can be found growing on branches, rocks or other surfaces, thriving in the humidity and filtered sunlight. They typically have strap-like leaves growing in a rosette pattern with new growth emerging from the plant’s center. The foliage color may vary, from silver or green or even red, and it can be spiky or fuzzy. Some produce flowers in shades of red, pink or purple that last from a few days to a few months. Most air plants range from 2″ to 12″ tall.

Not to be confused with a parasite that can cause harm to its host, an Air Plant is considered an “epiphyte” using Greek terminology, for growing on top of a plant (epi = on top of; phyte = plant), gathering its nutrients from the air, water and debris, rather than soil. The roots attach without damage to the host plant. These unique, low maintenance beauties have become quite popular in recent years, making an attractive and interesting display, mounted (with fishing line) to a piece of driftwood, sitting or hanging in a clear glass bulb or other decorative container, or grouped together in a saucer or bowl as a centerpiece. Although it seems like an enclosed terrarium would be a good home, it’s likely the environment would be too wet, so don’t go there. As indicated earlier, soil is not necessary, so DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES PLANT AIR PLANTS IN DIRT!

There are hundreds of species and varieties of Air Plants, crossing many plant families. FYI… Spanish Moss and Staghorn Fern are actually Air Plants. The most common classification typically available in garden centers is Tillandsia, from the Bromeliad family. These are perfect for indoors or outdoors (except during winter). Here are a few currently in stock at Wingard’s.

Requirements for Tillandsia
Requirements for Tillandsia are pretty simple… they like humidity, bright indirect light, regular watering and a little bit of fertilizer. There are a few mistakes that can be made, so here are the guidelines for success:

• Humidity – For placement indoors, select a spot in a kitchen, bathroom or laundry room, where the air is more humid. Avoid dry areas of the home and don’t put them near a heater or air conditioner vent. Air Plants prefer warm temperatures, however, they will do just fine in typical indoor temperatures (68 – 72 degrees). Keep them outside throughout the year, except during winter. They will love the hot, humid summer weather!
• Light – Air Plants need bright, indirect light, so it can be tricky to find a good spot to display them. The best place is a room with lots of windows, as long as the sun’s rays don’t shine directly on the plant(s). You can also use artificial grow lights or fluorescent lighting if you don’t have a great window option. Outdoors, try to place them in an area that is similar to their natural habitat, where they will receive indirect sunlight that is filtered through the trees. A bright porch that receives indirect sunlight is perfect. There are a few types of Air Plants that can thrive in shade, but most prefer light. Browning will occur and they will become “crispy critters” in the full sun. Even a little direct sun in the summertime here, will be too much.
• Water – Regular watering is critical, but it doesn’t take much. There are a couple of ways you can water Air Plants. Lightly mist 2 or 3 times a week, or dunk them for 20-30 minutes in a bowl of water once a week. If dunking, place the plant upside down on a paper towel afterwards to dry excess water. Too much water will cause rotting. If the plant feels “mushy” you have over-watered. If the tips turn brown, you may not be watering enough. Cut off the tips and alter your watering schedule. NOTE: Use rainwater or bottled drinking water for Air Plants. The salt in softened water will burn the air plants and tap water has minerals that can keep them from absorbing nutrients.
• Fertilizer – It’s not absolutely necessary to fertilize Air Plants, but if you want them to flourish (and bloom) add a bit of water soluble fertilizer in the mist or the water soak about once a month. Use a fertilizer for bromeliads and follow the directions.

One of the best characteristics of the Air Plant is the “mother” plant will produce “pups” if the plant is thriving. You know if this happens, you are doing everything right! The pups can be left alone or transplanted to form a new plant. To transplant, wait until the pup is about 1/3 the size of the mama. Just pinch and wiggle the pup to remove it. If it’s stubborn and does not release, simply take a small, alcohol-sanitized clipper and cut it out. The other revelation that the plant is healthy and thriving is a bloom. Blooms may appear in many bright, tropical colors, depending on the variety of Air Plant. Unfortunately, the plant from which the bloom appeared will die soon after. This is one good reason to leave the pups where they appear, to keep growth ongoing.

It’s too early to start planting in the yard, but it’s always a good time for a house plant (you can move it outside if you like when the weather warms up). Stop by Wingard’s and take a look at the latest shipment of Air Plants. Talk to Heidi in the Greenhouse if you need assistance in making your selection. For ideas on how to display these guys, check out this link AIR PLANT IDEAS. I think you will be surprised by what you can do with them, and how interesting, different and easy they can be.

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

By Kathy Torres

There’s no doubt that winter is the dark, dreary and often rainy season of the year. I would throw in “cold” but as I’m writing this, the temperatures this week have been in the 70’s! Never put your T-shirts away when you live in South Carolina. In spite of the on-again off-again spring-like weather, keep in mind the “dark and dreary” days typical for winter in order to provide the appropriate backdrop for this blog. Yes, here we are in winter. Even the most devoted gardeners are probably not yet thinking of spring and the implications of fresh potting soil, new shrub selections for the landscape, and colorful annuals and perennials. We still have a few weeks to go (March 19 is the first day of spring, 2024), so the satisfaction and enjoyment of the garden must come from what is already there. Wouldn’t it be great to see something blooming?

It just so happens there are a few plant specimens that provide beautiful blooms during the winter months. When many branches are bare and the colors of green, brown and gray monopolize the view from your porch or window, anything that blooms is truly a light in the darkness! I’d like to tell you about some of my favorite winter blooming plants and encourage you to consider finding a spot in your yard to plant one or two (or more), so you can experience their color during a time when it is much needed! All of these plants prefer or require afternoon shade or filtered sun all day. Remember that your shade areas shift from winter to summer, so be aware that the shade requirements are particularly important to protect your plants from the hot summer sun.

LENTEN ROSE

“A rose is a rose is a rose” (Gertrude Stein, 1913) – except when it’s not! Case in point, the Lenten Rose, AKA Hellebore, from the Ranunculaceae family. Not in the rose family at all, this lovely evergreen produces beautiful, unique blooms during the season of Lent (February/March), lasting until summer. Numerous hybrid varieties are available in a wide selection of bloom colors. The average plant size is about 18-24 inches at maturity, including the stalks and flowers, but there are a few taller varieties. During the first couple of years, the plant concentrates on root development, and then it takes off, producing a thick clump. Lenten Rose prefers shade, but can handle a bit of sun (morning, not afternoon) and just a little trimming of older foliage and spent blooms is necessary to keep it looking fresh. Fertilize new plantings to give them a good start, and once established, it’s not absolutely necessary. Water regularly until established, and during summertime dry periods. Don’t overwater, especially if planting in clay soil. Lenten Rose is great for mass planting, “filler” between small shrubs or annuals/perennials in a shade bed, or for cutting and filling a vase. It will give you a colorful surprise during the Lenten season, a sign that Easter and spring are coming soon.

MAHONIA

It’s easy to mistake some Mahonia for Hollies because of the prickly foliage, however, Mahonia is actually a member of the Barberry family. Winter Sun Mahonia shines in the winter with bright, golden yellow flower spikes against the dark green foliage. Reaching a height of 6-8 feet, this slow-growing, majestic evergreen shrub is perfect as a focal point in a shady garden bed. Blue berries appearing in spring attract a variety of birds. Mahonia is not too particular about soil, as long as it is well-drained, and it can hold its own in periods of drought. Another advantage is the toothy foliage, which is likely to discourage deer. Let it grow naturally as a large shrub or prune it into a tree shape. The ‘Winter Sun’ Mahonia pictured below (from my back yard) has bloomed beautifully this year!

If you’re interested in a smaller variety, check out ‘Soft Caress’ Mahonia. It has a different leaf, narrow and long, like fingers and they are smooth, not prickly. Mature height is only 2-3 feet tall. The other characteristics are basically the same… shade loving, slow growth rate, not too picky about soil, drought tolerant, blooms and berries.

WINTER DAPHNE

Known for very fragrant blooms, Winter Daphne joins the group of winter-blooming shrubs. Mature size is about 4 feet tall with a width of 5-6 feet, but it will take a few years to get this big. It has a reputation for being difficult to grow, however, by planting it correctly you can avoid the most common problems. The plant requires afternoon shade or filtered sun all day. Don’t plant in clay soil without amending it with loose, porous soil and organic matter. Plant so that the top of the root ball is a few inches above soil level and mulch around it. Water once a week during periods of drought but be careful not to overwater. There are two different distinctions in most Winter Daphne types available: variegated or solid green leaves and pink or white blooms. Some may be more fragrant than others. Also deer resistant, this is a great addition to your landscape, most appreciated in winter.

EDGEWORTHIA

Another focal point contender is Edgeworthia, AKA Paperbush. A notable characteristic of this plant is that it blooms on bare branches in the winter months, after the large, elongated leaves drop in fall. Also “note” worthy… the common name, Paperbush, comes from its use in Japan for producing banknotes. Edgeworthia has a tropical look in summer and gorgeous blooms in winter. It can grow up to 7 feet tall and wide, prefers a shady location, and has a moderate to fast growth rate. Clusters of fragrant, yellow blooms appear on the branches, usually beginning in December. For Edgeworthia to thrive, it’s a good idea to add organic matter to the existing soil to make sure it is rich in nutrients.

CAMELLIA

As I’ve mentioned in a previous blog post on Camellias (Click HERE), there are two types. Camellia sasanqua blooms in fall (October to December) and Camellia japonica blooms in winter (December to March). In my mind, every southern landscape should have a Camellia. They love the climate and are beautiful, traditional, southern ornamental shrubs. Most Camellia japonica shrubs grow 8-10 feet tall, however, there are some varieties that are smaller. They prefer shade, but a little filtered sun or direct early morning sun is ok and will encourage blooming. The large leaves are waxy and deep green. Fairly slow growing, Camellia japonica will take a while to reach its mature size, but at any stage should produce plenty of blooms. There are a few diseases that can be a problem with Camellias; keep an eye out for spots on foliage or browning of buds, and spray with a fungicide per the directions on the container. Mature Camellias are drought tolerant once established, but water and fertilize regularly in the first year or so. Keep in mind that the soil doesn’t dry out as quickly in the shade as it does in the sun.

The very best time to buy Lenten Roses and Camellias is when they are blooming, and right now, Wingard’s has them in stock (those pictured above and much more). Edgeworthia and Winter Daphne are also available. Mahonia varieties will be coming in soon, as spring approaches. Because our winter temperatures are typically mild, the ground doesn’t freeze, making it possible to plant this time of year. Even though the plant won’t have much growth above ground until the temperatures warm up, the roots will be establishing underground. Set yourself up for future winters with blooming plants by purchasing now and getting them in the ground. Once established, these beauties will perform year after year with little or no maintenance. So, grab a jacket, get outside and plant something fresh and new to perk up the yard. You can get your hands dirty and not even break a sweat… a southern gardener’s dream come true.

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

By Kathy Torres

Happy New Year!!!  I can’t think of a better way to start off a new year, than by adding a gorgeous indoor plant to your home.  Especially because things look a bit dreary and bare after taking down the Christmas decorations.  Lucky for you, Wingard’s Annual Poinsettia Trade-In will begin January 10th!  All you need to do is bring in your Poinsettia, which, quite honestly, is probably looking pitiful by now, and you will receive a fresh African Violet.  These lovely plants can be tricky to grow, but with a little education on how to care for them, you can do it!  But first, I want to send you on a journey to help you find the enthusiasm to try. 

While doing my research for this blog, I stumbled on a piece from National Geographic Magazine that captured my attention and sparked my excitement about this delicate flower through the writer’s personal encounter in Tanzania’s Udzungwa National Park.  The article, actually a letter to African Violet Society of America, is a charming example of the lure of this enchanting plant specimen.  It’s an entertaining read and you can access it HERE.

After reading Andrew’s letter at the link highlighted in the paragraph above, I am sure you will be enticed into trying an African Violet in your home, (and you may even want to plan a trip to Tanzania)!  As with any plant, it’s best to know as much as you can about the requirements for it to flourish and remain healthy.  I would generally give you that information at this point in my blog, however, the job was made easy this time because Wingard’s has an existing blog that contains all you need to know.  Learn all about what African Violets need in terms of Light, Water, Soil, Food and Air by clicking on the link to African Violets 101, right HERE.

There are many species of African Violets and many bloom colors.  Also, to give them the best chance to do well, there are many products available made especially for them.  So… with all of this in mind, you are cordially invited to visit Wingard’s Market and the friendly, knowledgeable staff will assist you as you begin your own African Violet adventure!

May the new year bring you and your family many blessings and many things blooming!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

By Kathy Torres

Bob Dylan wrote a song in 1963 with lyrics, “The times, they are a changin.” It was an anthem for social change directly related to the civil rights movement. The song was appropriate and true then and it resonates loudly in this century as well. While its message had a deep and serious nature, let’s switch gears and apply it to another subject, also appropriate and true…. THE WEATHER. Not to minimize the intent of the song, but nothing changes much more than the weather. And, ironically, the topic of climate change is a real social/political topic of our time. Research is indicating a slight warming of winter temperatures in the U.S. and has been documented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture in its official plant hardiness map. While the idea of fewer cold snaps that damage plants in winter is a welcome thought, we don’t know precisely how this change will impact us. It is possible that eventually we may have more in common with our coastal neighbors in terms of weather that allows for more tropical plants, BUT, it’s a bit too early to make that assumption. One thing is for sure, however… the weather, “it is a changin.”

The U.S. Department of Agriculture has recently released its 2023 Agricultural Hardiness Zone Map, a tool that provides valuable assistance to gardeners, farmers, researchers and others involved in growing plants by establishing “growing zones” or “gardening zones.” Developed by USDA’s Agricultural Research Service and Oregon State University’s PRISM Climate Group, the map provides a standard/guide for helping gardeners and farmers select plants that will thrive in their region. Data from 13,412 weather stations was collected and evaluated to support the map divisions, compared to 7,983 stations in the last revision (2012). Lowest winter temperatures are averaged and used to characterize each zone. Cold weather is not the only factor in plant survival, however it is significant, and is the basis for USDA’s map. It has proven to be a reliable planting guide throughout the United States.

The map is based on 30 years of weather data from 1991 to 2020 and consists of 13 individual zones that include the contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico. Zone 1, the northernmost zone, is Alaska, where temperatures can reach as low as -60 degrees Fahrenheit. Zone 13, the southernmost zone, can be found in Hawaii and Puerto Rico, where the average minimum temperature is above 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Zones represent low temperatures in 10-degree increments, plus, each zone is further broken down into additional 5-degree half zones designated “a” and “b”.

When compared to the 2012 map, the 2023 version reveals that about half of the country shifted to the next warmer half zone and the other half of the country remained in the same half zone. The shift to the next warmer half zone means those areas warmed by 0-5 degrees Fahrenheit. USDA cautions that temperature increases in plant hardiness zones are not necessarily reflective of global climate change, for several reasons… (1) Because mapping methods are more sophisticated, (2) Extreme minimum temperatures vary from year to year, and (3) Data from additional weather stations was used. According to Chris Daly, Director of the PRISM Climate Group at Oregon State University that jointly developed the map with USDA, “The reasons the 30-year data led to half-zone shifts is too complex to attribute to one cause, such as climate change. However, over the long run, we will expect to see a slow shifting northward of zones as climate change takes hold.”

The zones have shifted to slightly warmer average temperatures in parts of South Carolina, but this change shouldn’t really make a big difference for us because the average minimum temperature range indicated is still below freezing. Most of Lexington and Richland counties were previously considered Zone “8a” (average minimum temperature in winter 10-15 degrees Fahrenheit). The new version of USDA’s map indicates this area is now mostly Zone “8b” (average minimum temperature in winter 15-20 degrees Fahrenheit). There are a few areas in Lexington and Richland counties that remain Zone “8a” that are close to Aiken, Saluda, Newberry, Fairfield and Kershaw counties. Areas surrounding Lake Murray are primarily considered Zone “8b” until you get close to Saluda and Newberry counties. It’s interesting that last winter we experienced Zone “8a” temperatures that had a dramatic effect on some of the plants that usually handle winter very well here. It was unusual, however, so it is To Be Determined as to whether or not those low temperatures will affect the next 30-year average. If anything, the cold temperatures we experienced support unusual temperature fluxuation and underminds the global warming theory. Hopefully, reliable, scientific research will lead us into the future with sound evidence either way.

When purchasing plants, it’s a good idea to investigate their winter hardiness. Most of the time, you will find this information on a plant tag, but not always. Most garden centers are more conscientious about selling plants appropriate for the region, however the box stores will miss this detail occasionally. Just be sure to do your research if a plant tag is not available that includes this information. If a search on the internet doesn’t get you to the hardiness zone information, try one of these websites: Monrovia.com or NC State University Plant Toolbox.

As we prepare for the holidays, it’s unlikely our new agricultural hardiness zone assignment will affect our chances of a snow flurry (Oh, the anticipation of a White Christmas… a South Carolina dream!) If we do get that snowfall, or, if a January, February, March freeze comes upon us, just remember to cover or heavily mulch the vulnerable plants like blueberries, tropical banana trees, elephant ears, etc. And if you’re trying to overwinter your hibiscus or bougainvillea, be sure to bring them inside to the garage or sunroom. The future may take us to warmer temperatures; we just don’t know for certain, so, let’s do all we can to care for our planet in the meantime. And don’t panic over this small change in our agricultural hardiness zone – “frost” and “freeze” will continue to be a part of our winter weather language.

Here’s a link to South Carolina in the revised USDA MAP.

Best wishes to you and yours this Christmas!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

EVERGREENS THAT SATISFY A YEARNING FOR THE NORTH
By Kathy Torres

It’s no secret that many people from the northern states move south to escape cold weather, ice and snow, high cost of living, to access beach life, or even to get a little closer to SEC Football. (Possible? Probably!) Regardless of the incentive to live in the south, the difference in climate holds both positive and negative realizations when it comes to gardening and landscape characteristics. A much longer growing season is a definite plus, however, with that comes the heat and humidity that can often be challenging to maintaining happy, healthy plants. Milder temperatures in winter with fewer hard freezes creates a great environment for fruit trees, but not so much for the magnificent Cedar, Spruce and Fir trees that line the highways from Maine to Washington State. How wonderful it must be to drive to a nearby tree farm to cut your own Christmas tree! We have no idea of that experience here in the south, but thank goodness we can shop Wingard’s Market (Frasier Firs will be available the Monday before Thanksgiving) and enjoy the wintery fir tree for a little while. So many of the beautiful evergreen trees and shrubs that can be grown up north will just not grow here because our summers are too hot and winters are not cold enough. Customers who have relocated from northern states often visit Wingard’s looking for similar plants that can be substituted for the beloved evergreens they left behind.

Many pyramid-shaped evergreen trees are prominent in northern landscapes. While there are not as many options for us in the south, several come to mind that have the same look. Arborvitae AKA Thuja, variety Green Giant is an excellent evergreen specimen tree (focal point) or screen plant growing to a mature height of 40-60 feet tall and 12-18 feet wide. You may remember the Leyland Cypress tree that was widely planted in recent years. The Leyland Cypress developed disease issues and is no longer recommended. The Arborvitae Green Giant looks very much like the Leyland Cypress and offers a perfect fast growing substitution option. Arizona Cypress ‘Carolina Sapphire’ (developed by Clemson University and South Carolina Forestry Commission) is another attractive pyramid-shaped evergreen with a lighter, silvery blue-green color, about the same mature size, also very fast growing. Both thrive in full or part sun (at least 6 hours), are drought tolerant once established, and can stand the heat and humidity. Cuttings are long-lasting and perfect for natural Christmas wreaths and garlands. An added plus for Carolina Sapphire is the appearance of small cones in winter on the graceful, airy branches. For a smaller pyramid-shaped evergreen, Blue Point Juniper is a contender with a mature height of 12 feet and width of 6-8 feet. Blue Point is densely branched with blue-green foliage, grows at a moderate rate, and also thrives in full to part sun.

All three of these tree varieties require little or no pruning to maintain their shape and density. Just be sure to plant the big ones in a spot that will handle their mature size. If you’re planting several in a line for screening, don’t plant them too close together or you may be inviting disease problems due to lack of air flow once they are mature. For both the Green Giant and the Carolina Sapphire, a distance of 6-8 feet apart is best; plant Blue Point Juniper trees 4-5 feet apart.

Arborvitae Green Giant

Arizona Cypress Carolina Sapphire

Blue Point Juniper

A slower growing evergreen, the Eastern Red Cedar is native to South Carolina and can be found all the way from eastern coastal Canada south to the Gulf Coast of the United States (Agricultural zones 2 to 9). Native plants give you an extra advantage because they have adapted to the environment, making them much more likely to thrive when you add them to your landscape. In many cases, established native plants can grow with little to no fertilizer, pesticides, and even irrigation. In this way, native plants generally help protect water resources. The Eastern Red Cedar is really not a Cedar, it’s actually a Juniper (like botanical names aren’t confusing enough). Its dense, blue-green scale-like needles turn bronze in fall. With a mature height anywhere from 30-40 feet tall and 10-20 feet wide, the Eastern Red Cedar offers an excellent habitat for birds; female trees produce blue, berry-like fruit.

Eastern Red Cedar

Berries of Eastern Red Cedar

A more ornamental conifer (another word for evergreen trees that produce cones), is Japanese Cryptomeria, AKA Japanese Cedar. This tree, known as sugi in Japan, is the national tree. It is perfect to stand alone for interest in a sunny spot in the landscape, with small cones appearing in fall. As it grows, branches separate, making it’s appearance slightly less dense and pyramidal than some of the trees mentioned above. Very slow growing, it may not be the best choice for a hedge or screen. It may reach 50-70 feet tall and 20-30 feet wide, but probably not in your lifetime. Don’t let this discourage you, because the beauty and interest of Japanese Crytomeria, even when it’s small, makes a special, out of the ordinary, addition to any garden bed. Also, if you’re in to Bonsai, it’s a perfect candidate.

Cryptomeria

Cones of Cryptomeria

Now that you have a few ideas for trees to give you that “northern” feel, consider other evergreens that provide year round foliage and compliment them. Most southern landscapes contain a combination of deciduous (drops leaves) and evergreen plantings. Because our winter is fairly short, we can handle the bare branches for a bit, however, they are certainly less noticeable when mixed with evergreens. Here are a few “southern” evergreens that we highly recommend.

Japanese Plum Yew, Cephalotaxus harringtonia, is a wonderful alternative to boxwood for a low growing, evergreen border/hedge. Native to Japan, northeastern China, and Korea, it is often cultivated for its edible fruit (must have both male and female plants). Japanese Plum Yew is different from Japanese Yew, Taxus cuspidata, which bares poisonous seeds and leaves. Look for the botanical name when you are looking for it to distinguish the varieties. Many Yew varieties do not tolerate heat like we have in the south, however Japanese Plum Yew is suitable for USDA Zones 6 to 9 (we are 8). The ‘Yewtopia’ cultivar has a growth habit which is rounded and spreading, usually wider than tall. Mature size is 2-3 feet tall by 4+ feet wide. In our warm climate, this Yew prefers part sun (morning sun, afternoon shade) or full shade and well-drained soil. The lush, dark green foliage is needle-shaped with a lighter green underside. Perfect for mass plantings, Japanese Plum Yew maintains its color year round. It is not likely to need pruning, and will typically not have disease and pest problems. Another cultivar, Cephalotaxus harringtonia ‘fastigiata’ is upright, reaches 8-10 feet in height, making it a great specimen plant in a garden bed.

Cephalotaxus harringtonia

Cephalotaxus harringtonia ‘fastigata’

Podocarpus is another Yew-like shrub/tree, though not actually in the Yew family. The foliage looks exactly the same, and it shares the same growing requirements, but the common variety can grow quite tall (10-15 feet). Podocarpus is easily pruned to whatever shape you desire. You’re likely to see this plant espaliered (pruned to grow on a trellis) or planted in rows to create a garden wall, adding a formal touch. Because it is slow growing, pruning is really only needed for shaping. On your next visit to Charleston, peek through the gate of one of the historical homes on Meeting Street and you’re likely to see it.

Podocarpus Topiary

Podocarpus

Podocarpus Espalier

There are many other evergreen trees and shrubs that will provide year round greenery, some with the added benefit of blooms or berries. Holly trees and shrubs make wonderful anchor plants on the corner of a home or as a focal point in a garden bed. Rich, green foliage serves as the backdrop for the prickly foliage and red berries appearing in winter. The “Big Mama” of the Holly family is Nellie Stevens, growing as tall as 30 feet and just slightly less in width. Needle Point is another variety, not quite as enormous as Nellie Stevens, with a mature height and width of 15-20 feet. Both of these varieties have a natural, Christmas tree shape. For a more compact, round shrub, try Dwarf Burfordi Holly, great for foundation planting or a hedge. It will grow 4-5 feet tall and wide.

Nellie Stevens

Needle Point

Dwarf Burfordi

Did I mention blooms? Two favorite evergreens for the landscape with gorgeous blooms are Magnolia and Camellia. Not likely to survive in northern climates, these beauties represent yet another reason to move down south! The Southern Magnolia is a large, broadleaf evergreen tree that is known for attractive glossy dark green leaves and large, extremely fragrant flowers appearing in summer. Pyramidal in growth habit, Southern Magnolia typically grows 60-80 feet tall with a spread of 20-40 feet wide, and a trunk diameter of 3 feet. Full or part sun is best (at least 6 hours). Magnolias are one of the oldest known tree species in the world. Common varieties include Brackens Brown Beauty, Kay Parris and Claudia Wannamaker. If your landscape isn’t large enough to accommodate the big guys, there are other smaller varieties, such as Little Gem and Teddy Bear that won’t require as much space and will give you the same beautiful foliage and blooms.

Magnolia Bloom

Southern Magnolia

Finally, the Classic Camellia is a must for the southern landscape. As summer’s end approaches, many of the stunning flowers you planted are looking a bit scorched, the rose bushes have lost the fresh appearance you enjoyed in the early spring, and soon the branches on the deciduous shrubs and trees will be bare. Camellia sasanqua is about to shine as buds appear amid the waxy, deep green foliage. Blooms will begin to appear in October or November. Camellia japonica will bloom in the winter months (December to March). Camellias are available in many sizes with a variety of bloom colors, and both types (sasanqua and japonica) are evergreen. Camellia japonica is shade loving, however, some sun is needed to encourage blooming. It’s best to avoid planting in full sun; morning sun/afternoon shade or filtered sun is best. Camellia sasanqua can take more sun, but full sun is still too much, so use the same philosophy for both. Avoid planting in dense shade because it will likely prohibit blooming. Fall is the best time to plant, and I have it on good authority that Wingard’s camellia inventory is fully stocked!

Camellia sasanqua ‘Yuletide’

Camellia japonica ‘Pink Perfection’

NOTE: For more on Camellias, click HERE for Wingard’s Blog entitled “The Classic Camellia.”

As we approach the Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays, most “northerners” who live here in the south are probably grateful that a snow shovel is not a part of life anymore, but, there may be a yearning for the familiar landscape they used to know. We can’t capture it exactly, but there are many beautiful substitutes that may just fill the void. So, consider trying a few trees and shrubs that remind you of that place you lived before… and embrace a few southern treasures now that you’re here. The staff at Wingard’s Market are always available to help you make the transition!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

SPOTLIGHT ON ORNAMENTAL GRASSES
by Kathy Torres

The more you experiment in landscaping, the more likely you are to realize that you don’t want every shrub in the yard to be green. In addition to variations in color, a pleasing design will include different plant sizes, leaf shapes and textures. Ornamental grasses provide a breezy, moving plant form that contrasts with existing shrubs and flowers, often producing striking plumes that add to the show. Planted as a focal point, a backdrop for other plant specimens, a border, or even around a pool to create a “pond-in-a-meadow” or a “coastal” feeling, ornamental grasses provide great versatility. Great for erosion control, grasses can be a problem-solver as well. Add to that… low-maintenance, drought tolerance, resistance to disease, and what’s not to love? In fact, many varieties of ornamental grasses are not enticing to deer, a much sought after plant characteristic in our neck of the woods.

Many different size options are available from Pampas grass, with its wide blades and fluffy, white plumes, reaching up to 10 ft. tall and wide, to Blue Fescue grass, with its spiky, silvery blue foliage, one of the smallest varieties growing 1-2 ft. tall and wide. More to come on other types/varieties described below. Cultivars may be annual, perennial, or evergreen and are easily adaptable to most soil types. For best results, plant in full sun, however, many varieties can handle part shade with a minimum of 6 hours of direct sun.

Care requirements will vary depending on the grass type you have. Annual grasses are good for one season and will not survive freezing temperatures. Some perennial grasses will turn brown in winter and can be cut back before new spring growth begins to appear. Other perennial grasses may not turn totally brown, but may show slight winter damage, and a cut back is likely necessary for them as well. Evergreen grasses are fairly maintenance free, but it’s a good idea to trim every couple of years to keep them in shape. Most ornamental grasses can be divided, and this will encourage good plant health.

In the scientific, botanical world, there are plants considered and named as actual “grasses” and then there are “grass-like” plants. Because they are all popular and work well in the landscape, (and all look like grasses), we include them in the family of ornamental grasses, the garden center family, that is, not the botanical family. Anyway, here are some of our favorite grasses:

MAIDEN GRASS, Miscanthus sinensis, is perennial and has a graceful, vase-like shape that displays a soft, airy texture. When it blooms, the foliage is topped by silvery seed heads. There are dwarf and large varieties available for any size garden.

Adagio, 3-5 ft. tall x 3-4 ft. wide

Gracillimus, 4-7 ft. tall x 3-6 ft. wide

Zebrinius, 5-8 ft. tall x 4-6 ft. with variegated leaf blades

MUHLY GRASS, Muhlenbergia capillaris, reaches 2-3 ft. tall x 1-3 ft. wide. This perennial grass is best planted in the spring or fall, a month or so before frost is expected. The long, slender shoots of grass are green and as fall approaches, soft, pink “cotton candy” type flowers appear. Plant in groups or as a border for the full impact of the fuzzy mass of pink or white.

LOMANDRA longifolia, AKA Mat Rush, originating from Australia, is an evergreen ornamental grass with medium green, thick, strap-like leaves, accented by spiny flower spikes with tiny creamy yellow male flowers. Plant in full sun to moderate shade. Lomandra is winter hardy to 15-20 degrees. This is a drought tolerant plant once established, particularly when grown in some shade along the coast, but can also tolerate regular irrigation or even wet soils.

Breeze, 2-3 ft. tall x 3-4 ft. wide

Katrinus, 2-3 ft. tall x 3-4 ft. wide with wider leaf blades

Platinum Beauty, 2-3 ft. tall x 2-3 ft. wide with variegated leaf blades

PENNISETUM GRASS, AKA Fountain Grass, includes many ornamental grasses, both annual and perennial, ranging in size from 1-4 ft. in height. Known for soft, fuzzy flower plumes, they add interest and airy texture to the garden, or make a perfect “thriller” in a container garden on the patio or deck. Foliage color varies from green to burgundy or purple, and include variegated colors. The flowers are perfect for cut and dried flower arrangements.

Rubrum (Annual) 4’hx 4’w Hameln

(Perennial) 3’h x 3’w KarleyRose

(Perennial) 3’h x 3’w

SWITCHGRASS, Panicum virgatum, AKA Prairie Grass is a tough perennial grass that has dominated the tall-grass prairies of North America. Upright and sturdy, this narrow ornamental grass serves well as a backdrop to lower growing shrubs or flowers in the landscape. Green stalks/blades may have hints of blue, burgundy or red. In winter, dried flower heads provide interest. Height varies from 3-8 ft. with a typical width of 2-3ft.

Heavy Metal 5’h x 2’w

Cloud Nine 8’h x 3’w

Shenandoah 4’h x 2’w

FEATHER REED GRASS, Calamagrostis x acutiflora, similar to Switchgrass, provides showy color and impressive height (3-5 ft. tall and 18-24 inches wide), emerging in spring with a reddish hue. Leaf blades become variegated as they mature and airy, pinkish-purple plumes appearing later in the warm season. Plant this perennial grass individually, in groups or rows, in full or part sun (minimum of 6 hours).

Avalanche

RIBBON GRASS, Phalaris arundinacea, has an upright, arching growth habit, with white-striped foliage blushed with pink. In early summer, panicles of soft white flowers appear. This aggressive grower can handle wet feet, making it great for a pond border. Try it in a large container garden mixed with colorful annuals or perennials. Cut this perennial grass back in winter for fresh, new foliage in spring. Plant in full sun or part shade (minimum of 6 hours).

Strawberries and Cream, 3 ft. tall x 3 ft. wide

BLUE FESCUE, Festuca glauca, an evergreen grass native to southern France, has a distinct silver-blue color with upright plumes appearing in late summer. It can handle the cold temperatures of winter, as well as the hot, humid summer in South Carolina. Small and compact (8-12 inches tall and wide at maturity), Blue Fescue is perfect as an accent, in mass plantings, containers, and because it is drought tolerant, even in crevices of rock gardens. Dividing every 2-4 years will keep it healthy and growing strong.

Elijah Blue is a common variety.

PAMPAS GRASS, Cortaderia selloana, is the “Big Daddy” of perennial ornamental grasses, growing up to 10 feet tall, with dramatic plumes in white or pink. It should be planted in full sun in an area big enough to handle its mature size. Water it well when first planted, but you can pretty much ignore it once established. Divide it occasionally to keep it under control. Pampas grass is great in coastal or lake front areas and for providing privacy screening, or camouflaging HVAC units or undesirable views. Because it is highly flammable, don’t plant it near a grill or fire pit. The leaves or blades of Pampas grass are razor-sharp, so be sure to wear eye protection, gloves and long sleeves when pruning.

LIRIOPE, AKA Lilyturf or Monkey Grass, is a fast-growing groundcover or border plant. The two most prominent species found here are Liriope muscari and Liriope spicata. Muscari is more clumping and spicata is a spreader. Most Liriope grows to a height of 10-18 inches and a width of 12-18 inches. Typically, the color is dark green, however, there are variegated cultivars available as well. Blooms (usually purple) appear on stalks in summer followed by bluish-black berries in the fall. Extremely tough, Liriope will grow in deep sun or shade. It’s evergreen, however, a good cut back in winter will encourage fresh growth in spring.

MONDO GRASS, Ophiopogon japonicus, is another evergreen, sod-forming perennial very similar to Liriope that prefers shade, also available in a dwarf size that reaches only 4 inches. It’s a great groundcover under a tree or other area where most lawn grasses fail.

Clemson University has online fact sheets on both Liriope and Mondo grasses. For more information go to LIRIOPE and MONDO.

SEDGE, Carex is a large genus of grass-like perennial plants similar to Liriope and Mondo in appearance and use in the landscape. No flowers or berries appear, however Carex offers a bit more variety in color. Carex Everillo is a beautiful, chartreuse cultivar, providing contrast when placed among shrubs in a garden bed or flowers in a container garden. Carex Evergold is gold and green variegated, and Carex Cherokee is solid green and native to the Southeastern United States. Mature size for these varieties is about 1-1.5 ft. tall and wide, although Cherokee is a little smaller. Part sun is best for Carex and a late winter or early spring cutback might be necessary, but many species thrive without it.

Creating a landscape plan can be overwhelming with so many choices of plant types, sizes and colors, incorporating textures and interest, in addition to learning about how to maintain and keep it all healthy and looking good. Consider ornamental grasses as part of your design for a component that will be EASY! Most will require very little attention once established, so you can expend your energy on other areas. Ornamental grasses can provide a distinctive impact that is steadfast year after year with very little care needed. As you’re driving around town, keep an eye out for the striking plumes. Fall is approaching and it’s time for them to show off. You’ll love them, I promise!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!

By Kathy Torres

Is there anything more satisfying than the smell of homemade bread or cookies in the oven? How about the air as a rainstorm begins? Or the smells of Christmas… fresh Frasier fir trees, cinnamon, and peppermint? Basically, certain fragrances bring us joy and contentment, remind us of fond memories and, in general, raise the level of our “happy” meter. A good example is evident in the growing business of aromatherapy. Essential oils, which are made from phytochemicals of plants, provide scents that are known for boosting mood, reducing stress, anxiety and pain, improving attentiveness, and relieving inflammation, nausea and headaches.

Growing fragrant plants in the garden is a wonderful way to reap these rewards, by strategically placing them in your landscape in spots near a patio, walkway, entrance or other area you frequent. Creating an herb garden in a pot or along-side of your vegetable garden offers a delightfully fragrant area of the landscape, providing wonderful foliage that can be enjoyed as is, or harvested for cooking. A sunny windowsill allows you to bring the herb garden right into your kitchen!

All herbs are fragrant, so it’s just a matter of planting what you like and following placement instruction (most like the sun but will do great in part shade). If you need a little guidance on which shrubs, trees, perennials, etc. are fragrant, here are some to think about:

SHRUBS:

My all-time favorite shrub (I think every yard should have one) is Fragrant Tea Olive, Osmanthus fragrans. This evergreen shrub grows quickly to its maximum height of 10-12 feet in full sun or part shade. It can grow naturally as a dense, tall shrub, or can be pruned as a small tree by removing the lower branches. It’s not particularly bothered by insects or fungus and is fairly drought tolerant once established. I saved the best part for last… small, white blooms appear 2-3 times during the growing season and the sweet smell is delightful! There is also a variety that blooms orange, Fragrant Tea Olive, Aurantiacus.

Nothing says southern sweetness like the Gardenia, Gardenia jasminoids. Deep green, glossy leaves surround the intoxicating, creamy-white blooms on this evergreen shrub. Gardenias prefer acidic, well-drained soil, rich with organic matter. They love full sun and humidity, which is a perfect fit for South Carolina summers. One of the first varieties cultivated and a larger-growing variety, August Beauty stands out with a mature height of 4-6 feet and is good for hedges or as a focal point. Dwarf varieties (some) have more elongated, pointed leaves and are suitable for a container. Often used as a low growing hedge, dwarf Gardenias reach a mature size of 3 feet tall by 4 feet wide. White flies can be a problem for Gardenias, so keep an eye out and spray as needed. There are over 200 varieties of Gardenias; some that you are likely to find at Wingard’s include August Beauty, Scentsation, Frost Proof, and Heaven Scent.

An amazing specimen plant for a shady area in your landscape is Edgeworthia chrysantha, AKA Paperbush, named for the Irish botanist, Michael Pakenham Edgeworth and his half-sister, Maria Edgeworth. Chrysantha refers to its winter blooming golden yellow flowers that appear on bare branches. Paperbush, the common name, is from its use in producing quality paper. Fast-growing, Edgeworthia can reach up to 7 feet tall by 7 feet wide, and thrives in well-enriched, moist soil. In spring, after blooms are spent, the plant sports lovely bluish foliage with silvery undertones, turning yellow and dropping in the fall. Be sure to snip a few blooms to keep the house fragrant through the winter.

Sweetshrub, Calycanthus floridus (Native) AKA Carolina Allspice, Spicebush or Strawberry Bush is known for its reddish-brown to dark wine-colored blooms. There are several opinions as to the smell of the scented flowers; some detect hints of strawberries, pineapples, or melons, others refer to a “spicy” aroma. Even the foliage and bark have an odor of cloves or camphor when crushed. Sweetshrub is easy to grow in your yard or garden and can reach up to 9 feet tall with a spread up to 12 feet. Plant in shade or part shade (morning sun only), in neutral to mildly acidic soil. Once established, you will find it to be drought tolerant. Watch for the flowers to start opening in mid-spring. Green foliage will turn yellow, eventually falling when temperatures get cool. Be sure you don’t confuse Sweetshrub/Carolina Allspice with the herb, Allspice. Sweetshrub is toxic and should not be consumed by humans or pets.

Details on other fragrant shrubs that may interest you can be found at these links: Winter Daphne southernliving.com, Banana Shrub Monrovia.com, Mock Orange BHG.com, Clethra NCSU.edu, Witch Hazel (Native) Gardenia.net, Buttonbush (Native) Clemson.edu

TREES:

One of the most well-known trees with fragrant blooms is the iconic Magnolia. Numerous varieties have been cultivated, both evergreen and deciduous, large and small. The “old fashioned” Magnolias can grow to be massive. Smaller, hybrid Magnolias, such as Tulip and Saucer Magnolias are perfect specimen trees, providing a lovely focal point in a garden bed. The following grow well in the Midlands, and are likely to be found at Wingard’s:

The Southern Magnolia, Magnolia grandiflora is the BIG ONE! Part shade is ideal and it will grow to a mature height of 50-60 feet and a width of 30-40 feet. Although leaves will drop in the spring as new growth appears, it is considered evergreen. Southern Magnolia is noted for its attractive glossy dark green leaves and large, extremely fragrant flowers appearing in the summer months. The woody brown fruits with bright red seeds are often used in dried arrangements. Growth habit is pyramidal with low hanging bottom branches and a potential trunk diameter of 3 feet. Magnolias are one of the oldest known tree species in the world.

If you don’t have the space for the BIG ONE, don’t be discouraged… Compact selections are available that won’t swallow the entire yard. They include these Native varieties… Teddy Bear (16-20-feet tall, 10-12 feet wide), Brackens Brown Beauty (35 feet tall, 15 feet wide) and Little Gem (20-25 feet tall, 10-15 feet wide).

Royal Star Magnolia, Magnolia stellata, is a deciduous, dwarf flowering Magnolia with star-shaped flowers that produce a lovely, lemony fragrance. Jane Magnolia is another deciduous dwarf Magnolia variety, often referred to as “Tulip Magnolia” due to its purple and red, tulip-like blooms with white centers. Jane’s blooms are slightly fragrant. Both Royal Star and Jane prefer part shade and bloom in early spring on bare branches. Leaves come out after blooms fall; height reaches around 15 feet.

Yoshino Cherry, Prunus x yedoensis, is one of the most popular Cherry trees, widely photographed in Washington, DC’s Potomac Park. Considered a small tree, Yoshino is deciduous and grows to 25-30 feet, making a spectacle of itself as bare branches are smothered with clusters of pale pink blooms that fade to white in early spring. A sweet almond scent accompanies the blooms giving way after a few weeks to small, shiny, black fruits, which are devoured by birds. Dark green leaves emerge to form a summer canopy. The Yoshino Cherry tree grows in full sun and may require some pruning to maintain air flow between the branches to keep it healthy. Keep an eye out for pests and treat as needed.

Cherry Laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Native) may be grown primarily for its glossy green leaves, but also has sweet-smelling, 2-5 inch flower spikes with long-lasting white spring blooms. As the flowers fade, red fruits form then fade to black. The inconspicuous fruits are not edible to humans, but the birds love them! Mature height can be 18 feet by 30 feet width, however, there are more compact varieties. Cherry Laurel will grow in almost any soil type, although good drainage is a must, and it thrives in part shade (avoid afternoon sun, morning sun is best).

Check out these links for information on other fragrant trees: Profusion Crabapple Americangardener.com, Tulip Poplar (Native) Gardeningknowhow.com, Apple Thespruce.com

VINES:

Carolina Jessamine, Gelsemium sempervirens (Native) covers fences and trees in open woodlands and along roadsides throughout the Southeast with its slender vines and bright yellow flowers. It is the state flower of South Carolina. Sweetly scented, golden yellow, trumpet-shaped flowers cover the cascading, fine textured foliage from February to April. Vines can reach 20 feet long and will thrive in full sun. It is attractive on an arbor where the slender branches hung with yellow flowers can be seen from below.

Wisteria frutescens ‘Amethyst Falls’ (Native) is a deciduous, twining vine which grows at about a third of the rate of Asian wisteria. Blooms at an early age, with lightly fragrant purple racemes weeping gracefully downward. Train it up an arbor or trellis for a beautiful show in spring. Plant in full sun for abundant blooms.

Additional fragrant vines can be found at these links: Honeysuckle Southernliving.com, Confederate Jasmine NCSU.edu

PERENNIALS:

Bee Balm, Monarda (Native) is a beloved perennial not only for its beautiful blooms, but for its fragrant foliage. The Bee Balm flower displays an open, daisy-like shape with tubular petals. The colorful flowers develop on the ends of square-stemmed stalks above the main foliage and bloom in mid-summer. Moist, rich soil and a sunny location are preferred, and as the name indicates… the bees love it (hummingbirds, too)!

Hyacinth orientalis or the common Hyacinth, is a fragrant flowering bulb that blooms early to mid-spring. Hyacinths produce showy flowers in shades of blue, purple, white, pink, and red. The flowers appear in thick clusters on tall spikes; each spike has small, deeply fragrant, bell-shaped blooms. Long bright green leaves form around the base of the plant. Find a sunny spot in your landscape with good soil, or plant in a pretty pot on your patio. Hyacinths will be one of the first spring flowers to pop up.

Phlox paniculata (Native) is compact, low-maintenance and long-blooming. Known for a spicy, vanilla-clove fragrance, Phlox is dense and clumping, reaching up to 16 inches tall and 18 inches wide. Establishes quickly with full sun and well-drained soil.

Check out a few other fragrant perennials at these links:

Daffodils Gardenia.net, Agastache/Giant Hissop NCSU.edu,

Oriental Lily Gardenia.net, Peonies Petalrepublic.com

“What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet.” – William Shakespeare

It seems we should consider ROSES at the top of the list when it comes to fragrance, but the truth is… There are SO MANY varieties of roses and many are not fragrant. Some are, and one that always comes to mind for me is Mr. Lincoln, a striking hybrid tea rose with very large, double, velvet wine-red flowers, up to 5 in. across, having as many as 26-40 petals. The fragrance is captivating, so much that you will want to always keep a cutting in a vase! Next year, be sure to check out Wingard’s website for the rose varieties that have been ordered for spring and look for those that are fragrant. The description usually gives you a heads-up. You can even order ahead if you want to be sure to get a particular variety.

https://wingardsmarket.com/?s=roses

Spending time gardening is such a fulfilling use of our senses. Seeing the beauty of plant forms, textures and colors is a delight to the eyes. Hearing the birds chirping, or the breeze rustling the tree branches, or even the quiet is pleasing to the ear. Holding a plant by its root ball and gently placing it in the hole you dug, tamping down the soil, awakens the hands. Taking in the smells of the freshly cut grass, or the Fragrant Tea Olive planted by the front door as you enter your home, or gathering herbs for a special dish you plan to cook for dinner, creates a special feeling, just like opening the door to the smell of homemade bread baking in the oven. And last, but maybe the best of all the senses is satisfied when you walk past the cherry tomato plants, pick a couple and pop them in your mouth. Yum!

There’s Always Something Blooming at Wingard’s!